Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?
A new study, led by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.
The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.
When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brain
The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.
However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.
According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.
小題1:The purpose of the experiment is ______.

A．to find the frequency of people’s yawning

B．to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturally

C．to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equally

D．to show the real reason why people yawn

小題2:The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.

A．longer outdoor summertime results in more yawns

B．yawning frequency increases with outdoor time

C．yawning frequency changes with outdoor time

D．longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns

小題3:Acorrding to the text，people yawn more often ______.

A．when the air temperature is equal to the body

B．when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotter

C．when the air temperature is higher than the body

D．when the air temperature is lower outside the body

小題4:What could be the best title for the text?

A．Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease

B．Yawning Cools Your Brain

C．Yawning Benefits Your Body

D．Yawning Carries Some Information

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
On the first day of your Senior High you must meet many new classmates. Do you want to make friends with them? Do you know how to make friends with them? The following article will tell you how to do it.
Making friends is a skill. Like most skills, it improves      practice. If you want to meet people and make friends you must be      to take action. You must first go to places where there are people. You won’t make friends      at home alone. Join a club or group, for talking with those who      the same experience as you is easier, and      them in some activities.
Many people are      when talking to strangers. After all, meeting strangers means facing     , and it’s human nature to      a bit uncomfortable about the unknown.
Most of our fears about dealing with strange people      from doubts about ourselves. We      other people are judging us, thinking us too tall or too short, too this or too that.     , don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself      you are, and try to put the other person at ease. You’ll      feel more comfortable.
Try to act self-confidently      you don’t feel that way      you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk straight, look      at other people and smile. If you see someone you’d like to     , say something. Don’t wait for the other people to      a conversation.
Just meeting someone      doesn’t mean that you will make friends with that person. Friendship is      on mutual（相互的）liking and “give and take”. It takes time and effort to develop. And there are things that keep a new friendship from growing.

小題1:	A．with B．on C．of D．to

小題2:	A．a(chǎn)ble B．sure C．certain D．willing

小題3:	A．lying B．going C．staying D．leaving

小題4:	A．get B．have C．make D．like

小題5:	A．join in B．take part in C．join D．enter

小題6:	A．a(chǎn)fraid B．happy C．nervous D．familiar

小題7:	A．the newcomer B．the enemy C．the failure D．the unknown

小題8:	A．feel B．fall C．cover D．suffer

小題9:	A．bring B．come C．get D．move

小題10:

A．find out B．believe in C．doubt D．imagine

小題11:

A．Besides B．But C．However D．Therefore

小題12:

A．what B．who C．that D．a(chǎn)s

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)ll B．both C．exactly D．never

小題14:

A．even if B．because C．so long as D．a(chǎn)s if

小題15:

A．when B．while C．that D．in which

小題16:

A．well B．immediately C．highly D．directly

小題17:

A．refer to B．love C．speak to D．smile

小題18:

A．start B．stop C．show D．hold

小題19:

A．humorous B．new C．good D．old

小題20:

A．depended B．based C．taken D．laid

The blue eyes that looked at him from outside the door were like the light through a maginifying glass (放大鏡) when it is at its brightest and smallest, when paper and leaves begin to smoke.
"Hey . "  said the man in the door.  " Remember me? "
" Yes. "  the boy said. whispering.  "Rick. "
He felt so surprised to see Rick. All of Rick seemed to be shown in the eyes. With a strong feeling that ought to have hurt him.
" You knew me."  Rick said.  " You hadn't forgotten. "
" You're--just the same. " the boy said. and felt much thankful.
He seemed even to be wearing the same clothes, the same blue shirt and grey trousers. He was thin, but he was built to be lean; and he was still, or again. sunburnt. After everything, the slow white smile still showed the slight feeling of happiness.
" Let's look at you." Rick said, dropping into a chair. Then slowly he felt more at home, and he became once more just Rick as if nothing had happened. There were lines about his eyes. and deeper lines on his cheeks. but he looked like-just Rick, lined by sunfight and smiling.
" When I look at you." he said,  " You make me think about me, for we look like each other. "
" Yes, " said the boy, eagerly,  " they all think we both look like my grandfather. "
小題1:On his return. Rick_______.

A．had not changed much

B．looked very old

C．was much thinner than before

D．was wearing different clothes

小題2:Rick and the boy are probably________.

A．brothers	B．related
C．friends	D．neighbours

小題3:You could describe Rick as________.

A．old and friendly	B．old and nervous
C．thin and nervous	D．thin and friendly

小題4:From the passage we can tell that the boy_____.

A．was worried that Rick had forgotten him

B．was proud of what Rick had done

C．was pleased to see Rick

D．wondered where Rick had been

小題5:Rick and the boy_______.

A．had similar personalities

B．cared about each other

C．had lived in the same house

D．felt their friendship had changed

Ideas about polite behavior are different from one culture to another. Some societies, such as America and Australia for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite often. As a result, they have a lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they need to get to know people quickly. So it's normal to have friendly conversations with people that they have just met, and you can talk about things that other cultures would regard as personal.
On the other hand there are more crowded and less mobile societies where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican business person, for example, will want to get to know you very well before he or she feels happy to start business. But when you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society.
To Americans, both Europeans and Asians seem cool and formal at first. On the other hand, as a passenger from a less mobile society puts it, it's no fun spending several hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about his or her life and asks you all sorts of questions that you don't want to answer.
Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travelers, but also for the flights that carry them. All flights want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service are different from place to place. This can be seen most clearly in the way that problems are dealt with.
Some societies have 'universalist' cultures. These societies strongly respect rules, and they treat every person and situation in basically the same way.
'Particularist' societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwrinen ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular person. So the normal rules are changed to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person.
This difference can cause problems. A traveler from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a flight in Germany, a country which has a universalist culture. The Indian traveler has too much luggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the check-in official will understand his problem and will change the rules for him. The check-in official explains that if he was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldn't be fair to the other passengers. But the traveler thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don't have his problem.
小題1:Often moving from one place to another makes people like Americarts and Australians

A．like traveling better

B．easy to communicate with

C．difficult 1o make rcal friends

D．have a long-term relationship with their neighbors

小題2:People like Malaysians prefer to associate with those

A．who will tell them everything of their own

B．who want to do business with them

C．they know quite well

D．who are good at talking

小題3:A person from a less mobile society will feel it_____ when a stranger keeps talking to him or her, and asking him or her questions.

A．boring

B．friendly

C．normal

D．rough

小題4:Which of the following is true about "particularist societies"?

A．There is no rule for people to obey.

B．People obey the society's rules completely.

C．No one obeys the society's ruies though they have.

D．The society's rules can be changed with different persons or situations.

小題5:The writer of the passage thinks that the Indian and the German have different ideas about rules because of different__________.

A．interests	B．habits and customs
C．cultures	D．ways of life

A Charlotte N.C. man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors (公訴人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.
But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
Absolutely, no question about it.
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response, which was originally described by Walter Cannon，chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the automatic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to early humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is poisonous in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death.
By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in excitement or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead.
小題1:What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?

A．Approval.

B．Disapproval.

C．Doubtful.

D．Indifferent.

小題2:What can we learn about the fight-or-flight response according to the passage?

A．The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin Samuels.

B．It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.

C．The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modern ones.

D．The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.

小題3:What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?

A．Winning an unexpected fortune.

B．Missing a dead family member.

C．Watching a horror movie.

D．Listening to a sweet song.

小題4:The purpose of the passage is ______.

A．to explain why people will die of a heart attack

B．to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure

C．to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death

D．to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death

Who do you think breaks the law in our society? If you believe that only tough guys commit crimes, you may have to think again. Unlike in the movies, we can’t divide the world into bad guys and model citizens. Real life is much more complex. In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer, crimes vary in degree. For example, smoking in an elevator will inconvenience people, but much less than threatening them with a gun.
In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime. Why can we tolerate some crimes? It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily. For instance, most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit. When people celebrate a sports championship, if they see someone breaking store windows, they might start breaking windows themselves or even steal from the store. So the people around us influence how much law-breaking we can tolerate.
We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should. We become used to seeing blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines. Because we see thousands of dead people on TV, maybe we just try to ignore the situation behind the violence.
If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime, or even commit crimes themselves, it may simply be because of the human mind. Our minds may not care about specific laws. Instead, our minds may have a system of values that usually prevents us from hurting other people to improve our own lives. Yet, when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous (不知名的) individuals, we might not be so responsible. While most people would not steal a wallet containing $50, they may not mind cheating on taxes, because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person. It hurts society, but “society” remains an abstract idea that is not as real as a neighbor or a friend’s friend.
When we realize that so many people have misunderstandings of law-breaking, it is not surprising that so many people tolerate crimes, or even break laws, including me. But how could we improve the level of honesty in our society? Would strict laws help make our society better? Probably not. Honesty will have to come from social pressure: in the family, at school, on the job, each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behavior is unacceptable. And teaching respect should become everyone’s responsibility.
小題1:According to the author, “Real life is much more complex.” probably means       .

A．there is a wide range of people and crimes in the real life

B．smoking in an elevator goes against laws in the real life

C．there are much more crimes than diseases in the real life

D．some model citizens sometimes break laws in the real life

小題2:What does the author think of the people who cheat on taxes?

A．They take no notice of the human mind.

B．They break the laws unaccepted in their minds.

C．They aren’t concerned about some particular laws.

D．They hurt other people to improve their own lives.

小題3:People tolerate violence and crime because       .

A．their behavior is the same as that of most other people

B．they pay no attention to the truth behind the crimes

C．most unlawful acts are not harmful to the individual

D．they hold mistaken beliefs about law-breaking

小題4:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To discuss whether laws are strict enough.

B．To remind people to behave with honesty.

C．To show people the importance of education.

D．To explain why many people have criminal records.

Our particular parenting style reflects our own way of “l(fā)ooking”. Here’s a great piece of writing reflecting parent’s particular ways on the parenting style that have become known humorously as helicopter parenting and submarine parenting.
Helicopter parents hover over their children, managing every aspect of their child’s life. On the contrary, submarine parents remain “hidden” coming to the surface when guidance is needed.
While helicopter parents may have the best intentions, in reality, they are raising children with few problem solving skills. Children with hovering parents never get the chance to face disappointment and build up their ability to recover from misfortune.
Think about your typical submarine. Submarines usually remain underwater. In case of a need for emergency surfacing, submarines can rise so quickly. They are driven partially out of the water. Submarine parents also remain out of sight, yet able to appear in the case of an emergency.
I admit I’m a submarine mom. My job as a parent is to have fun with my daughters while letting them explore and learn natural consequences.

My older daughter found herself acting in commercials and making more than minimum wage as a teen. To give her a sense of the real world, I insisted she spend three weeks every summer, picking strawberries and earning $3.50 on a good day.
When my youngest daughter Sondra was six, she wanted a very expensive American Girl Doll. I cut the full color 18" picture out of the American Girl catalogue and had it laminated (壓膜). “Here’s your American Girl Doll.” I said “When you turn nine, I’ll buy you the 3D doll on your birthday.” Sondra played with her flat doll for months, making clothes and furniture for her. She learned creativity. I saved $88.00.
小題1:What is the text mainly about?

A．Various means of transportation.

B．Funny experiences of a mom.

C．Humorous stories about parents.

D．Different styles of parenting.

小題2:The underlined phrase “hover over” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “_____”.

A．leave behind

B．fly around

C．watch over

D．set aside

小題3:Which of the following can be learned about helicopter parents from the passage?

A．They give their children proper guidance.

B．They try to do everything for their children.

C．They teach their children how to face failures.

D．They help their children explore by themselves.

小題4:The author supports her point of view mainly by _____.

A．stating facts and offering advice

B．using figures and giving evidence

C．a(chǎn)nalyzing data and drawing conclusions

D．making comparisons and giving examples

There used to be a term that was used to describe someone who drove their vehicles down the highway while staring at the scenery. These drivers just drove slowly, taking their own sweet time, as if they had nothing to do and no place in particular to go. Thus, the expression, “Sunday driver”, was born. Consequently, a Sunday driver wasn’t necessarily someone who was driving on a Sunday. A person could be a Sunday driver any day of the week. The expression simply meant that the person was an obstacle to other drivers who were in a hurry.
The expression probably came about because there was a time when people would often decide to go for a relaxing drive on Sunday afternoons. A Sunday drive was a common occurrence years ago and especially on a nice warm sunny day. There were no stores open on Sunday because of the “blue laws”, so you needed to be sure and fill up the gas tank and make any other needed purchases before Sunday arrived.
Some of the states had strict blue laws that even prohibited some activities on Sunday. However, there is still a lot to be said for the slow, gentle life that once existed. It was a time when very few people worked on Sunday except for those professions vital to our well-being such as those in the medical profession. It was a day “set apart” that was used to rest, visit with neighbors and friends, or maybe go to grandma’s house for supper. Today there are many who return to work and children who go back to school overly tired on Monday due to a lack of rest. Perhaps there would be less stress related illnesses if we really kept Sunday as a day of rest.
小題1:According to the passage, “Sunday driver” refers to the person who ______.

A．drives his vehicle on Sundays

B．drives for fun and relaxation

C．enjoys a weekend break

D．makes a Sunday purchase

小題2:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph l mean?

A．Sunday drivers affected traffic flow

B．Sunday drivers drove too slowly

C．Sunday drivers increased traffic speed

D．Sunday drivers felt hatred for other drivers

小題3:What kind of activity was strictly prohibited on Sunday by the laws?

A．Visiting with neighbors and friends.

B．Going to the hospital to see a doctor.

C．Having a family get-together.

D．Selling goods or services.

小題4:According to the author, Sunday rest would help people______.

A．earn a lot more money

B．experience less pressure

C．keep pace with society

D．improve academic performance

What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?
Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison an “Official Taste Tester” for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers (制造商) to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream—as well as for developing over 75 flavors (口味).
Some people think that it would be easy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No—there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this “cool” field.
In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains: “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir (攪拌) it, creating ice-cream soup.”
While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Dose the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!
Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy---working at one cool job.
小題1: What is John Harrison’s job?

A．An official.	B．An ice-cream taster.
C．A chemist.	D．An ice-cream manufacturer.

小題2:According to John Harrison, to be qualified（合格的） in the “cool field”, it is helpful to ________.

A．keep a diary of work

B．have a degree in related subjects

C．have new ideas every day

D．find out new flavor each day

小題3: What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?

A．He stirs the ice cream.

B．He examines the color of the ice cream.

C．He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.

D．He lets the ice cream warm up.

小題4:Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?

A．Tasting with Eyes	B．Flavors of Ice Cream
C．John Harrison’s Life	D．One Cool Job

Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time? When you select your career, there’s a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. If you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job’s pay. There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job. Here are a few of those main areas:
Do you prefer working alone or with other people? There are isolating(使孤立)jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy. Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.
How do you handle change? Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life, you may need a job where the changes don’t happen so often. Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.
Do you enjoy working with computers? I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic. There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day. Again, these are extremes and you’ll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.
________________________________? This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won’t know immediately to a smaller setting where you’ll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly.
How do you like to get paid? Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that. The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this.
Anyway, these are a great starting point for you. I’ve seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love. It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Isolating jobs usually drive people mad

B．Interactive jobs make people shy easily.

C．Extreme people tend to work with other.

D．Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs.

小題2: What does the underlined sentence in paragraph one mean?

A．Before you select your job, you should assess your skills and match them with your position.

B．There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select a job.

C．Nothing is important than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select a job.

D．You should ignore your skills when you select a job.

小題3: Which of the following sentences is suitable for the blank?

A．What type of work environment do you enjoy?

B．What kind of people do you like to work with?

C．How can you fit in with your workmates?

D．Do you want to be a big fish in a small pond?

小題4:What is the best title for this passage?

A．Lifestyles and Job Pay	B．Jobs and Environment
C．Job Skills and Abilities	D．Personalities and Jobs

小題5: What is the missing word about a job search in the following chart?

A．Design.

B．Changes.

C．Cooperation.

D．Hobbies.