There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine” or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4^th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach(方法) probably did not cure many patients.
The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures” or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished(興起) long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times.
The third kind is called “health spas（水療）” or “faith healing”. Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell(咒語), to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines(圣壇) for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests(牧師) and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.
小題1:Doctor medicine _________.

1. has a longer history than folk medicine
2. has been practiced for around 2,400 years
3. bases its treatments on observation and logic
4. was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times

小題2: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?

A．Magic power

B．Various herbs

C．Religious faith

D．A healthy life style

小題3:According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

1. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.
2. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.
3. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.
4. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

小題4: The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to_______________.

1. describe different types of medicine
2. argue for the importance of medicine in health care
3. show the important role religion plays in medical treatments
4. compare the educational background of three different types of patients

 

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從下列各各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A 、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卷上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
These days, it is common to see 5-gallon bottles of water being sent to homes. Supermarket  21
are filled with all kinds of bottled water from simple  22  bottles containing “pure spring water” to expensive foreign types of mineral water in glass bottles. In Europe, bottled water is as  23  as soft drinks which are widely accepted in the United States. People are not only interested in the different choices of drinks, but also in the taste of bottled water and its  24  value.
All bottled water on sale must  25  the content of the water on the bottle. Some companies  26 
minerals to give the water a better taste. But the term “mineral water” is  27 , because all water, except specially purified water, contains minerals.  28  must be made to tell people clearly what kind of water people are exactly buying: spring water, mineral water, or purified water. For example, “spring water” will have to come from a(n)  29  spring.
Many people choose bottled water  30  tap water, because they  31  the safety of public drinking water. Some people worry about city water  32 . We need to pay close attention to the cleanliness of our drinking water. The government should be responsible for tap water  33 . It should be tested and checked  34 .
Keep in mind that bottled water is 35 . In many cases, you are paying for water that is not much different from tap water. If you are not sure of the safety of your tap water, have it  36 . A local health department can be of  37 . Compared with the cost of bottled water, the testing cost will be less expensive. Letting cold water  38  for a minute or so before taking a drink or using it in preparing a meal is a good way to  39  possible water pollution, especially if the water has been  40  for an hour or more.

小題1:	A．baskets B．windows C．shelves D．carts

小題2:	A．large B．plastic C．cool D．cheap

小題3:	A．popular B．expensive C．fresh D．good

小題4:	A．nature B．true C．face D．health

小題5:	A．study B．stick C．list D．print

小題6:	A．find B．a(chǎn)dd C．explore D．mix

小題7:	A．mistaken B．misunderstood C．misleading D．misreading

小題8:	A．Laws B．Notices C．Products D．Inventions

小題9:	A．nearby B．hot C．underground D．overflowing

小題10:

A．with B．besides C．before D．over

小題11:

A．consider B．trust C．doubt D．ensure

小題12:

A．supplies B．pipes C．pollution D．shortage

小題13:

A．producers B．risk C．elements D．quality

小題14:

A．normally B．regularly C．repeatedly D．instantly

小題15:

A．enough B．excellent C．expensive D．ideal

小題16:

A．collected B．boiled C．changed D．tested

小題17:

A．use B．value C．service D．importance

小題18:

A．run B．flow C．fill D．boil

小題19:

A．improve B．discover C．limit D．solve

小題20:

A．a(chǎn)way B．off C．a(chǎn)long D．on

完形填空（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從下列各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The human nose is an underestimated tool. Humans are often thought to be  1___ smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are  2 to detecting those smells which float through the air,  3  the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of  4 human smells even when these are  5  to far below one part in one million.
　　  6    , some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, while others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate  7    smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send  8   to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when  9    to it often enough.
　　The  10  for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it  11   to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can  12  new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not  13    of the usual smell of our own house but we  14    new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors _ 15   for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

1. A. sensitive	B. outstanding	C. insensitive	D. awkward
2. A. limited	B. committed	C. devoted	D. conducted
3. A. catching	B. ignoring	C. missing	D. tracking
4. A. distinguishing	B. discovering	C. determining	D. detecting
5. A. reduced	B. reserved	C. rescued	D. refused
6. A. Fortunately	B. Strangely	C Happily	D. Amazingly
7. A. unusual	B. particular	C. unique	D. typical
8. A. signs	B. information	C. messages	D. signals
9. A. subjected	B. left	C. drawn	D. exposed
10A. expectation	B. expression	C. extension	D. explanation
11.A convenient	B. competitive	C. inefficient	D. adequate
12.A introduce	B. gather	C. develop	D. produce
13.A sure	B. sick	C. aware	D tired
14.A tolerate	B. resist	C. neglect	D. notice
15.A available	B. reliable	C. valuable	D. suitable

 

The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (沖動) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly(愚蠢) and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
小題1: What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

A．The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.

B．One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.

C．To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.

D．If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.

小題2: What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ”in paragraph 2 ?

A．If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.

B．If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.

C．If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.

D．If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.

小題3: If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A．the very backbone and nerve of character

B．the patience and power to control himself

C．strong feelings

D．self-confidence

小題4: The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.

A．explain that self-control is the key to success

B．teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success

C．distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it

D．a(chǎn)dvise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends

小題5: The passage is mainly developed by _____.

A．a(chǎn)nalyzing causes	B．making comparisons
C．examining differences	D．listing quotations

How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（橫截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
小題1:What is NOT true of a CAT scan?

A．It is safer than regular X rays.

B．It makes use of computer techniques.

C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.

D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.

小題2:The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to     .

A．a(chǎn) badly injured part inside the body

B．a(chǎn) new thing that is unknown to the doctor

C．a(chǎn) strange organ that has grown in the body

D．a(chǎn)n object that gets inside the body by chance

小題3:What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

A．It provides clear photos of moving organs.

B．It can take 3-dimension（三維）pictures of inside organs.

C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.

小題4:We can infer from this passage that     .

A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation

B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners

C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines

D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it

小題5:The best title of this passage might be        .

A．the Newest Medical Invention

B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives

C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays

D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

Our company, Eastern Energy, is here to help and provide you with personal advice on any matters connected with your bill or any other questions about your gas and electricity supply.
Moving Home
Please give as much notice as possible if you are moving home, but at least 48 hours required for us to make the necessary arrangements for your gas and electricity supply. Please telephone our 24-hour line at 0131 6753 219 with details of your move. In most eases we are happy to accept your meter reading on the day you move.
Meter Reading
Eastern Energy uses various types of meter ranging from the traditional dial meters to new technology digital display meters. Always read the meter from left to right, ignoring any red dials. If you require assistance, contact our 24-hour line at 0600 7310 310.
Energy Efficiency Line
If you would like advice on the efficient use of energy, please call our Energy Efficiency Line at 0995 7625 513. Please do not use this number for any other enquiries （詢問）.
Special Services
Passwords -- you can choose a password so that, whenever we visit you at home, you will know it is us. If you want more information, please ring our helpline at 0995 7290 290.
Help and Advice
If you need help or advice with any issues, please contact us at 0131 6440 188.
Complaints （投訴）
We hope you will never have a problem or cause to complain, but, if you do, please contact our complaints handling team at PO Box 220, Stanfield, ST55 6GF or telephone us at 0131 6753 270.
Supply Failure
If you experience any problems with your electricity supply, please call free at 0600 7838 836, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
小題1: Who is this passage most probably written to?

A．People applying for energy supply.

B．People moving home.

C．Persons in need of help.

D．Energy users of Eastern Energy.

小題2: If you have any complaints, what should you do?

A．Make a call or send a mail.	B．Contact Help and Advice.
C．Go to the company directly.	D．Ask for special services.

小題3: According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A．You are not expected to read your own gas or electricity meters.

B．It is now cheaper to use gas than electricity as a form of heating.

C．You are not charged for the call when you report supply failure.

D．You should inform Eastern Energy of a change of address on arrival at your new home.

Preparing for a medical emergency involving your pet is always best accomplished before the event takes place. This series is designed to help guide you through the important decisions about first aid, as well as how and when to transport your pet quickly and safely to a veterinary hospital or emergency ability．
VeterinaryPartner．com has provided this complete reference book online for you to skim through, expanding your knowledge of dog and cat first aid；however, we encourage you to buy the book to keep in your home or car as a quick reference during an emergency．
This book is an emergency preparedness ready-reference for dogs and cats．Wise preventive measures, intelligent use of first aid principles, coupled with recognition of abnormal symptoms and treatment of disorders, diseases, and problems, lead to effective health care．
A working knowledge of this information will help you get rid of some potentially dangerous circumstances and help you prepare for emergency situations．
It includes information on what to do and what not to do in specific emergency situations．The authors encourage careful reading and occasional rereading．We have tried to make this book easy to understand, avoiding technical terms as often as possible, but defining（下定義）them in context when they are necessary．
小題1:What does the underlined word “veterinary” in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Immediate

B．For animals

C．Urgent

D．For humans

小題2:Why are we advised to buy the book?

A．Because it’s very cheap and may be useful to all the people．

B．Because it contains a working knowledge of information about dogs and cats．

C．Because it contains information on specific emergency situations．

D．Because it is convenient to know things dealing with dog or cat in an emergency．

小題3:Which is NOT true about the book?

A．It can enlarge the readers’ knowledge of dog and cat first aid．

B．It contains the knowledge of recognition of abnormal symptoms of dogs and cats．

C．Although it contains many technical terms, it is easy to understand．

D．You can read it on VetrinaryParmer．com free of charge．

小題4:What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a book．	B．To introduce a website．
C．To introduce a working knowledge．	D．To encourage careful reading．

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it?
Many people are afraid to assert（維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持） themselves. Dr. Robert Albert, author of STAND UP, SPEAK OUT and TALK BACK, thinks it is because their self-respect is low. “There’s always a superior around------ a parent, a teacher, a boss who knows better.” But Albert and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves.
They offer assertiveness training courses, A. T. for short. In the A. T. course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to get rid of fear. A group taking an A. T. course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A. T. uses an even stronger motive to share the need. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.
Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-respect. If your face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your answers to problems. However, once you get to feel good about yourself, you can learn to speak out.
小題1:The problem the writer talks about is that ________________.

A．some people buy things they don’t want

B．some people are afraid to speak up for their rights

C．there are too many superiors

D．some people don’t think enough of themselves

小題2:The cause of the problem talked about in the text is that _________.

A．some people have a low self-respect

B．there is always someone around who knows better

C．salesmen talk people into buying things they don’t want

D．people don’t share enough

小題3:The underlined word “timid” probably means “___________” in Chinese

A．膽小的	B．優(yōu)秀的
C．勇敢的	D．無知的

小題4:One thing the A.T. course doesn’t do is to _____________.
A. share the need of people        B. show people they have a right to be themselves      
C. help people overcome fear      D. help people to assert themselves even if others suffer

Why does night fall but never break and day break but never fall?
Why are people who ride motorcycles called bikers and people who ride bikes called cyclists?
In what other language do people drive in a parkway and park in a driveway?
In what other language do they call the third hand on the clock the second hand?
Let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in an eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.
We take English for granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (探討它的矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.
And why is it that a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? One goose, two geese — so one moose, two meese?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of human beings. That’s why, when stars are out, they are visible; but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it; but when I wind up this essay, I end it.
小題1: According to the passage ______.

A．sweet-meats and sweetbreads are different things

B．there should be egg in an eggplant

C．pineapples are the apples on the pine tree

D．boxing rings should be round

小題2:Which of the following includes two items which have the similar meaning?

A．A wise man and a wise guy.

B．Overlook and oversee.

C．Quite a lot and quite a few.

D．Hot as hell and cold as hell.

小題3:The underlined words “wind up” in the last paragraph probably mean “______”.

A．blow

B．roll up

C．get hurt

D．finish

小題4: Through the many paradoxes in the English language, the writer wants to show that human beings are ______.

A．clever

B．crazy

C．lazy

D．dull

You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潛水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架艙). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔絕的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can resist massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
小題1:What does the author say about the black box?

A．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

B．The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

C．Its ability to resist disasters is incredible.

D．It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

小題2: What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?

A．Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.

B．The total number of passengers on board.

C．The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.

D．Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.

小題3:Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A．New materials became available by that time.

B．Too much space was needed for its installation.

C．The early models often got damaged in the crash.

D．The early models didn't provide the needed data.

小題4: Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?

A．To distinguish them from the colour of the plane.

B．To caution people to handle them with care.

C．To make them easily identifiable.

D．To conform to international standards.

小題5:What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

B．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

C．They have stopped sending homing signals.

D．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.