Beijing, April 2----Starting from this year, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will begin to promote a home medical service. With this service a medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will be sent to some communities in the city. They will set up a medical filing recorder for every resident in community and publicize their contact information to them. If people in the community feel sick, they can consult their community doctor first. If community doctors cannot treat their illness, they will then be transferred to large hospitals. Liang Wan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, made the statement last Friday .
In addition ,the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau will set up some funds to train home medical service workers for families whose members suffer either from high blood pressure, diabetes,cerebral apoplexy , or coronary heart disease . The home medical service workers will remind patients to take pills on time and lead the patients to follow some health tips in their daily life. They will also learn some practical knowledge to save patients in case of an emergency .
The work will first begin in the medical service room in the 25 community centers and spread to all communities in Beijing. The disease prevention and control centers at various counties and districts in Beijing will be responsible for teaching community doctors and giving home medical service lectures, or advice . These workers will not be able to work until they pass related examination and obtain the work certificates. It is expected that by the end of this year, there will be 10000 home medical service workers in Beijing .
小題1:Where does a person go to see first if he gets sick according to the passage ?

A．The community clinics.	B．Large hospital .
C．Private clinic .	D．Small hospital .

小題2:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．The medical team which is made up of a doctor, a nurse and a medical health worker will set up a medical filing record for every resident.

B．The home medical service workers not only give some healthy suggestions to the patients, but also learn practical knowledge about first aid.

C．Some funds will be provided by Beijing Municipal Health Bureau for home medical service training.

D．The government aims to offer the home medical service for free.

小題3:If you want to work as a home medical worker, you need to _____________.

A．receive the training about medical service.

B．pass related examinations.

C．obtain the work certificates.

D．All the above.

小題4:What can we learn from the passage?

A．All communities in Beijing have started home medical service.

B．People in Beijing will not easily get ill.

C．Medical service in Beijing will be promoted greatly in the future.

D．The other cities in China should learn from Beijing.

The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
小題1:What is the main idea of Paragraph l?

A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.

B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.

C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.

D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly.

小題2:According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______

A．lifestyles	B．transportation
C．physical condition	D．school educational .

小題3:Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?

A．cure

B．prevent

C．worsen

D．cause

小題4:According to WHO, which of the following is true?

A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.

B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.

C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.

D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.

小題5:What can we learn from the last Paragraph?

A．Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.

B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.

C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children.

D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.

A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻擊性的) behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children’s behavior.
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
小題1:What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?

A．Scientific Technology	B．Science Fictions
C．Social News	D．Health Report

小題2:The underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by the word ______.

A．backward

B．unsocial

C．generous

D．friendly

小題3:Researchers studied the following aspects of the children except ______.

A．a(chǎn)ge

B．sex

C．games

D．parents

小題4:According to the research, which of the following is right?

A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period.

B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day.

C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors.

D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior.

小題5:After a further study on ingredients in soda, Shakira Suglia implies that the direct cause of the aggressive behaviors may be ______.

A．soft drinks	B．a(chǎn)ttention problems
C．caffeine	D．social conditions

Is crying good therapy? Experts say yes. Having a good weep at the weekend is becoming more popular among office workers in China.
“I need to cry to let my feeling out,” said 22-year-old Guo Meng, a smart-looking young woman. “I remember one day when I got home I felt so down but I had no one to talk to, so I just curled up(蜷縮) with my teddy bear and cried myself to sleep,” Guo said. The next day, she said, she felt much better and life seemed not so bad after all.
Because crying is taken as a sign of weakness, people make a great show of being strong and not displaying emotion. Psychologists and medical practitioners agree that crying is beneficial for mental health but people still regard it as a sign of failure and bottle up their feelings. A famous Chinese author once said to cry is normal, and even brave. Those who display their emotions can deal with their troubles bravely after the tears dry, while those who soldier on let problems fester（惡化）.
In the Chaoyang district of Beijing, there is a special place for people to cry their sadness out. It is called “Cry Bar”. On the door of each of its “cry rooms” there is a saying encouraging people to let the tears flow freely.
“Crying is a kind of therapy, but it needs some direction,” said Milulu, a psychologist.
“People should realize the point of crying is to relieve pressure, but some of the young people who come to the Cry Bar simply sit and weep. The purpose of crying is to make it easier to improve your life after the tears dry, not to get lost in bad memories.”
Crying is only one way of relieving pressure, and we need to face problems squarely and solve them once the tears have dried, said Mululu.
小題1:Crying _____ made Guo Meng feel better.

A．with some friend	B．a(chǎn)ll the night with a toy
C．during her sleep	D．in bed before sleep

小題2:According to the third paragraph, people usually make great efforts to_____.

A．get rid of their sadness	B．bottle up their feelings
C．a(chǎn)ct on psychologists’ advice	D．face their troubles bravely

小題3:What should the customers do at the Cry Bar?

A．Think of every sad experience they’ve had and cry

B．Keep crying as loudly as long as possible.

C．Satisfy any desire to cry and weep until it is gone.

D．Hold back their tears until they can’t help but cry.

小題4:From the text, we can learn that crying ____.

A．is to relieve pressure	B．must help to solve problems
C．means facing problems squarely	D．can’t weaken sad feelings.

People born in winter are more likely to suffer mental health disorders, according to a recent study carried out by researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee.
Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning (斷奶) in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.
Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12­hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.
After 28 days, it turns out the summer­born mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winter­born mice, those stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions in their biological clocks.
The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders including bipolar depression, schizophrenia and seasonal affective disorder.
“We know that the biological clock regulates mood in humans，”said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism (機(jī)制) similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”
小題1:How many groups of mice are there finally in all in the experiment?

A．Four.

B．Five.

C．Six.

D．Seven.

小題2:What's the main idea of the text?

A．The biological clock regulates mood in humans.

B．People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders.

C．Being born in winter has a negative effect on people's mental health.

D．The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice.

小題3:The underlined word “split”(Paragraph 3) can be replaced by ________.

A．ended

B．torn

C．hit

D．divided

小題4:Who is the appropriate reader of the passage?

A．A job­hunter.	B．A student in the university.
C．A newly­married couple.	D．An experienced dentist.

Below are some smart ways to stay healthy suggested by some American experts.

Drink More Coffee When was the last time you heard a doctor use the word miracle? Well, wake up and smell the coffee: “It’s amazing,” says liver specialist Sanjiv Chopra, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “Coffee is truly a lifesaving miracle drug.” Though he says it’s still a “scientific mystery” how a simple cup of coffee works its wonders in the body, large epidemiological studies have repeatedly proved its astonishing benefits. “Drink it black, or at most put a little skim milk in it” to minimize calories, Dr. Chopra recommends. He drinks at least four cups a day himself, though most people should limit themselves to two. And no, he jokes, “I’m not sponsored by Starbucks.” Take a Walk for Your Memory Aerobic (有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的) exercise is good for your body, great for your mind, according to the latest research from brain-fitness pioneer Arthur Kramer. Every year, an area called the hippocampus, which is key to memory, shrinks by about 1 to 2 percent, increasing the risk of dementia (腦衰) as the years roll by. However, Kramer’s new investigations reveal that the hippocampi of adults who walked briskly for about 45 minutes three times a week grew by about 2 percent over the course of a year, preventing age-related shrinking. It’s never too late to start exercising, Kramer says; volunteers in his research were between 55 and 80 years old and hadn’t exercised at all. And it doesn’t need to be backbreaking. “Anything that raises your heart rate seems to work,” he says. “Walking is fine. Just find something you like and do it.” Early to Bed, Early to Eat “Being a night owl might increase your waistline,” says sleep expert Michael Breus, PhD. People who stay up late and sleep late tend to eat more fast food and consume more of their calories after 8 p.m. than do normal sleepers. “One of the easiest things that anyone on a diet can do to improve her results is go to bed and wake up at the same times every day,” Breus says. “This way, your body knows when to sleep and is much more efficient. Organize your eating, too, by trying to eat meals at the same times every day. Avoid eating after 8 p.m., and don’t miss morning meals by sleeping in.” Use the 20-Second Rule What’s the difference between having a goal and actually accomplishing it? Just 20 seconds, says positive-psychology specialist Shawn Achor. Researchers have learned that if we can cut 20 seconds off the startup time required for a task, we’re much more likely to follow through. So, for example, if you want to work out in the morning, place your shoes and exercise clothes next to your bed the night before. If you want to praise people more, put thank-you notes and a pen on your desk. Imagine the Worst to Feel Better Don’t count your blessings; subtract (扣除) them. “Consciously spend a few minutes imagining what your life would be like without the good things,” says Timothy Wilson, a psychologist at the University of Virginia. You’ll experience stronger feelings of love, gratitude, and happiness when you think about what life would be like without the people and things you love. “And they’ll seem surprising and special again,” he adds.

小題1: According to Sanjiv Chopra, most people should not drink more than ______ cups of coffee a day.

A．two

B．three

C．four

D．six

小題2:Which of the following may help people on a diet to improve their results?

A．Raising their heart rate.	B．Taking a walk for their memory.
C．Eating at fixed times.	D．Sleeping in every morning.

小題3:According to Shawn Achor, if people place their shoes and exercise clothes next to their bed at bedtime, they’re more likely to ______ the next morning.

A．do exercise	B．set a goal
C．cut 20 seconds off	D．sleep 20 minutes more

小題4: Why should people spend a little time imagining their life without good things?

A．To experience surprise.	B．To feel better.
C．To consider their own blessings.	D．To prepare for the worst.

Country-dwellers(農(nóng)村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排擠) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧視) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81^st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?

A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.

B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.

C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers.

D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers.

小題2:The research from Cardiff University was based on the people’s _________.

A．interests.

B．characters.

C．occupations.

D．lifestyles.

小題3:It can be inferred that  ___________.

A．people like living in towns and cities

B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life

C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others

D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers.

小題4:Non-affective psychosis is a kind of mental illnesses that is linked to ________

A．character change	B．temperature rise
C．pressure increase	D．energy weakening

小題5:We can learn from the last paragraph that generally ________ .

A．women living in villages live the longest

B．women living in cities live the longest

C．men living in villages live the longest

D．men living in cities live the longest.

The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors(年長者) have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：About 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 kinds of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number that doctors advise.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海綿）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小題1:What is found out about American seniors?

A．Most of them have good habits.

B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week .

C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected .

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

小題2:Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _________.

A．twice a day	B．three times a day
C．four times a day	D．eight times a day

小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．We should stop touching our faces.

B．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

C．There are less than 300 kinds of bacteria in the mouth.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

Are you stressed out, scared or worried all the time? Do you avoid going to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries? Do your worries keep you awake at night? If you’ve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxiety.
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brain’s way of telling you about danger. It is anxiety which helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can get in the way of your getting on with life and can become a real problem. If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
Anxiety is a normal part of life. Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situations. There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after a stressful thing which has happened in your life. So, if you are involved in a car crash, it’s quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
Being anxious also probably runs in families. If your parents suffer from anxiety then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when you’re growing up.
Even though people don’t talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems. About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem it’s hard for other people to understand why something that doesn’t worry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as may become worse and worse.
The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety. These include taking therapies (療法) and drugs.
小題1:Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A．With anxiety you are far away from traffic accidents.

B．It’s abnormal for people to get too anxious after a stressful thing.

C．Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.

D．When you feel stressed out, scared or worried, you are surely suffering from anxiety.

小題2: Which of the following reasons for anxiety is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．Illness.

B．Experience.

C．Genetics.

D．Environment.

小題3: What can we infer from the fifth and sixth paragraph in the passage?

A．Anxiety is the most common mental health problem.

B．Those suffering from anxiety need others’ understanding badly.

C．About a quarter of the population are suffering from anxiety now.

D．Once you suffer from anxiety, you’d better seek for medical treatment.

小題4:The author will most probably talk about ________ following this passage.

A．what is about anxiety	B．what causes anxiety
C．how to handle anxiety	D．when anxiety becomes serious

Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums(牙齦) and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12­year­old boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.
Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride(氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel(釉質(zhì)), the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could interfere_with the correct development of permanent teeth.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months.
小題1:According to the passage，what is the function of fluoride?

A．Making the surface on teeth much cleaner.

B．Protecting gums from being infected.

C．Keeping holes on teeth from forming.

D．Slowing down bacterial growth and acid production.

小題2:The underlined phrase “interfere with” in Para.5 probably means “________”．

A．do harm to	B．a(chǎn)ccount for
C．contribute to	D．stand for

小題3:What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?

A．To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth.

B．To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste.

C．To draw our attention to the dental care of young children.

D．To present the research results about dental care.