To get an extra 14 years of life, don't smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount．That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal．
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45 to 79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993 to 2007, Kay-Tee Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived all average of 14 years longer than those who didn't．
“We've known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we've not seen this benefit before, ”said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain's Medical Research Council．“The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from．”
Study participants（參與者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理論上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
小題1:Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?

A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．

B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．

C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．

D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．

小題2:We can learn from the passage that            ．

A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．

B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．

C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．

D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．

小題3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．

B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．

C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．

D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．

小題4:What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years

B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life

C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years

D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide it’s still OK to eat? If you’re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds after dropping them.      
But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds is all it takes for foods to become polluted with enough bacteria（細(xì)菌）to make you sick.
Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, you can become sick.
One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroughly.
But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile (瓦片), and carpet. They placed a piece of bread and a piece of bologna（一種大紅腸）on each surface for 5, 30, or 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.
So, forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of clean toast. And this time, be careful not to drop it!
小題1:In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage?

A．Culture

B．Health

C．Advertisement

D．Technology

小題2:After dropping a piece of toast, a person who follows the “5-second rule” will         .

A．throw away dirty toast immediately and go away

B．pick up the toast as quickly as possible and eat it

C．eat the toast within 5 seconds and feel pleased

D．get another piece of clean toast quickly and eat it

小題3:The scientists in South Carolina did the experiment to __________ .

A．see how quickly bacteria can pollute food

B．show that the 5-second rule is correct

C．see how harmful bacteria are to people’s health

D．show that bacteria grow at different speeds on different foods

小題1: If you happen to be the 200th customer to buy Cholesterolblock, you will         .

A．be able to buy it at a low price	B．be the luckiest one online
C．try it free of charge	D．change your diet

小題2:Liptor®, Zocor®, Crestor® are         .

A．diseases

B．side effects

C．medicines

D．cholesterol

小題3: Cholestrolblock^TM has the following advantages EXCEPT that _____________________.

A．it helps take cholesterol out of whatever food you eat.

B．it has been proved useful in hospital testing.

C．it helps people absorb at least 42% cholesterol.

D．it sells best on Internet every month.

小題4:Where can you most probably read this passage?

A．In a travel guide book.	B．On a university bulletin board.
C．In a health magazine.	D．In a doctor's prescription.

Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”．Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(證據(jù)) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart．Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow．These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎癥)．
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate per day for two weeks saw their blood pressure drop quickly．
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(鍛煉)．In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks．
Better for your skin．German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day．After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑潤(rùn)的)and smoother．The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance．
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain．
小題1:Which of the following is wrong?                                            

A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation.

B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure.

C．People early know chocolate is good for their health.

D．chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving.

小題2:What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?

A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk．

B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired．

C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work．

D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard．

小題3:What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Chocolate, a Healthy Food	B．More Chocolate, Less Health
C．Chocolate and Blood Pressure	D．Advice on Eating Chocolate

小題4:The conclusion that chocolate may help lower blood pressure was brought out by       ．

A．scientists at Harvard University

B．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University

C．scientists at Indiana University

D．German researchers

小題5:What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?

A．Think of it．．

B．Speak up．

C． Stop talking

D．Listen to it

Many people who are overweight have poor digestion(消化). For the most part, poor digestion is not a habit given by our parents. We give it to ourselves through the way we eat. Eating to get less stress or anxiety is often the mistake most people will make.
Oh, poor digestion can lead to weight problems. Here’s how: When a person feels stressed, the part of the central nervous system that connects digestion switches off. This is called the parasympathetic nervous system(副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)). At those times of stress, the body can take in food and  process some of it, but digestion doesn’t work correctly to digest all the nutritional(營(yíng)養(yǎng)的)goodness from the food. Poor digestion is not always obvious by observing symptoms; you can get some illnesses but not always. Poor digestion can be seemingly silent.
If you eat when you are stressed, anxious, or nervous, you might as well be eating cardboard for all the nutrients your body gets. Yes, eating when stressed is a gaining situation. Now you might think, well, if I’m not digesting, the calories aren’t getting handles, so I should be losing weight. Good idea, but wrong reality. When digestion is not proper, the body starts “starving” from lack of necessary nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物). Yes, it goes into a starvation（饑餓）problem and starts absorbing(吸收) fat and energy. It thinks it’s in a famine(饑荒). The good news is that it’s easy to make some corrections and get rid of stress at mealtimes.
If you feel stressed often, it can be helpful to take other food that contains multiple B vitamins. These help, but you could still find yourself stressed at mealtimes.
小題1:The author wrote the passage to tell us        .

A．how to deal with stress at mealtimes

B．what kind of food can be easily digested

C．eating when you’re stressed can cause weight problems

D．eating too much resulted in overweight problems

小題2:How do you understand the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

A．Eating is the best way to release stress.

B．We should not release the stress by eating.

C．Eating too much can cause anxiety.

D．The stress problem can be solved during eating.

小題3: In what way do poor digestion and stress cause body problems?

A．Poor digestion cannot absorb much nutritional goodness from the food.

B．People with poor digestion take in food and process all of it.

C．When people feel stressed, the parasympathetic nervous system switches on.

D．Poor digestion will not lead to overweight problems.

小題4:Which is NOT the reason why people may have weight problems when eating with stress?

A．The body does not take in what they eat.

B．The digestion system becomes incorrect.

C．People cannot eat much when unhappy.

D．The body will begin to absorb too much fat.

I’m glad to find this comment which has some sort of support in this quest（尋求）I have to eat raw（未煮熟的）foods. I’m an unhealthy 49 years old and have come to the conclusion that it’s now or never, so I am taking a dive into the raw eating lifestyle.
I have to cook for my family and prepare what they want to eat. I’m trying to plan out this better so I have some of these unusual foods ready for myself.
I’ve read several books written by Ann Wigmore and like her approach to the living foods.
Last week I attempted fasting（禁食）and failed. I lasted five days by having carrots, spinach, apples and other vegetarian diets I could get my hands on. I was doing fine until I drank some coffee. I kind of proved it in my mind to have the coffee but it only made me excited and then I couldn’t sleep well and felt hungry and weak. So I stopped and went back to the old way of eating with the family.
This week I started to make a drink called rejuvelac made of sprouted wheat（芽麥）. This is fairly new to do for me and the drink smelled sort of musty（發(fā)霉的）and tasted kind of like a musty lemon. The kids tasted it and almost threw up but surprisingly it tasted good to me. It is supposed to help in digestion（消化）.
I’ve made some attempts to grow wheat grass. I think I have figured that out as long as I keep it away from birds and our horses. I have two habits to get rid of, drinking coffee and smoking. I quit smoking last month but something happened, so I started up again. I’m very frustrated(受挫的) with the smoking and really have a desire to quit for good. Anyhow I will keep this updated on my progress.
小題1:The author must have ________ before she wrote this article.

A．hesitated at whether she should eat raw foods

B．never eaten raw foods

C．made up her mind to eat raw foods instead of cooked ones

D．been discouraged by her family from fasting

小題2:The books written by Ann Wigmore which the author has read are probably about ________.

A．fasting

B．losing weight

C．how to be on a diet

D．a(chǎn)pproaches to eating raw foods

小題3:To the author, the drink made of sprouted wheat ________.

A．might help in digestion

B．might make people who drank it throw up

C．tasted good to anybody

D．was welcomed by the whole family

小題4: We can learn from the passage that ________ smoking.

A．the author has given up

B．the author will never give up

C．it’s hard for the author to quit

D．it’s easy for the author to quit

小題5:The author’s biggest worry at present is most probably ________.

A．that she can’t eat with her family

B．that she can’t get rid of drinking coffee and smoking

C．how to get used to raw foods

D．that she doesn’t know whether she should eat raw foods

Dr. Glenn Tisman, a cancer specialist, knew his young neighbor, Ray Bateman, had an unusual mind. But he had no idea at the time that 12 - year – old Ray had the ability to become his partner in cancer research.
Ray’s parents remembered that at age four, Ray surprised them by fixing a broken vacuum cleaner（吸塵器）. When he was ten, he speedily constructed the family color television from a kit. Later, he succeeded in assembling（組裝） a complex stereo system after two experts had failed to do the job.
When Ray was ten, he convinced his parents to buy him a computer. In a short time, Ray was able to do amazing things with the computer. Ray shared his enthusiasm for computers with Dr. Tisman, who used a computer for his research. The two discussed computers and medicine frequently. Amazingly, Ray understood the biology and chemistry related to Dr. Tisman’s medical research without any previous instruction.
Ray then worked with Dr. Tisman after school. He helped conduct research with the equipment and kept it in working order. The purpose of the research was to test the effectiveness of mixing an old cancer drug with certain vitamins. Ray analyzed patient test results by computer, while Dr. Tisman handled all patient contact. Together, they came up with solid research that helped advance cancer treatment.
In 1988, 14 - year - old Ray went with Dr. Tisman to a meeting of the American Federation for Clinical Research（AFCR）, where Ray presented their initial research findings. Using terminology（術(shù)語(yǔ)） beyond the grasp of most kids his age, Ray told the scientists how the new drug mixture caused fewer and milder side effects for cancer patients.
A year later, Ray returned to the meeting to update the findings of his and Dr. Tisman’s research. By then, he had become well - known for his devotion to finding cures for sick patients. Stories about him appeared in hundred of newspapers around the world. He appeared on television newscasts and talk shows.
Ray continued to spend most free hours working with Dr. Tisman. The two began studying the effects of vitamins on babies inside the womb（子宮）. However, Ray’s main interest remained cancer treatment, and he continues his research today.
小題1:According to the passage, Ray______.

A．is a boy of many gifts

B．is very helpful to his parents

C．learned fast under Dr. Tisman’s instruction

D．stopped working with Dr. Tisman after his success

小題2:What do we know about Dr. Tisman?

A．He succeeded in finding cures for cancer.

B．He made a new discovery in cancer treatment.

C．He convinced Ray to become a partner of him.

D．He taught Ray knowledge related to his research.

小題3:What made Ray first known to the medical world?

A．His presentation at AFCR.	B．His great skills in computer.
C．His devotion to cancer research.	D．His appearance on television newscasts.

小題4:Dr. Tisman’s research is aimed at ______.

A．providing different cancer treatments

B．proving the effects of vitamins on babies

C．finding the side effects of a cancer drug

D．testing the effectiveness of a new drug mixture

Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens（過(guò)敏原）,prompting researchers to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for children？
A study finds that, contrary to many parents' fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child's risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study's lead author, Dr. Dennic Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, says that even he was "very surprised" by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first year of life to those who were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
Even more remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps" exercise" their immune systems early in life so that they're better able to resist allergic diseases later.
There's something very important in that first year of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response, said Dr. William Davis.
And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child's allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there's no need to get rid of them.
小題1:Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?

A．Because the results are contrary to their expectation．

B．Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs．

C．Because parents are so much worried about their children．

D．Because children with animals may develop allergies easily．

小題2:Compared with children who have pets，those who haven’t  ______.

A．will lose the chance to develop immune system

B．may suffer allergic diseases more often

C．will reduce the harm from bacteria

D．can keep doctors away

小題3:It can be inferred from the passage that ______．

A．pets are ill-treated by their owners

B．less families would like to own cats and dogs

C．keeping pets is a good way to keep children healthy

D．the results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease

小題4:The underlined word “it” in the fifth paragraph refers to________.

A．the early life

B．a(chǎn)n allergic disease

C．immune system

D．something important

小題5:What may be the best title of the passage?

A．How to protect your kids from allergies

B．Your pets may be helping your kids

C．Bacteria do good to your kids

D．Advantages of owning pets

A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia (癡呆癥) in later life.
In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner (驗(yàn)尸官) said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by “repeated small damages to the brain” related to heading a heavy leather football.
Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk.
In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed (使腦部受到震蕩) wearing headgear (帽) than without.
He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren’t as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball.
Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection—especially when their football heroes play without it.
While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated “sub-concussive” blows to the head.
Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades—and that would take a lot of funding.
小題1:Which might be the best title of the passage?

A．Playing football may lead to brain damage.

B．Repeated small damages to the brain.

C．Footballers should wear headgear when playing. .

D．Evidence to dementia.

小題2:According to Delaney’s research, what is the most risky injuries to head?

A．Long-term effects of blows.

B．Wearing head protection.

C．Underdeveloped neck muscles.

D．Head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows.

小題3: Children are unwilling to wear headgear because they think _____ .

A．headgear is harmful to their heads	B．headgear influences their skills
C．they should follow their idols	D．they mustn’t lead the fashion

小題4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____ .

A．Delaney has studied dementia for three or four decades

B．few footballers would like to be studied in the research

C．funding is important in order to carry out the research.

D．no one can find the link between playing football and dementia

You can't escape the message that smoking is bad for you.But what if one or both of your parents smoke?You might be worried about their health,sick of smelling the smoke,or even a little embarrassed(尷尬的) by it.You can't order your mom or dad to stop smoking ,but you can encourage them to quit.There are lots of good reasons.Here are some you can mention:
*Smoking will hurt their health.
*Smoking creates secondhand smoke,which you don't like .
*Smoking will make it hard for them to keep up with you because they might run out of breath easily.
If you think it will help,you could print out articles like this one to give it to your mom or dad. But what if your parent gets angry with you for bringing up the topic of smoking?People don't like to be reminded that they are doing something unhealthy,so it's possible that your parents will be insulted or angry,especially if they're worried they won't be able to quit.Maybe they have tried before and failed.
Remember to be kind and respectful when you discuss smoking with your mom or dad. Also rememeber that it is difficult to quit.Some people try several times before they're able to quit for good. Instead of yelling at the them,tell them that you love them and want them to enjoy many healthy years ahead. In time,your mom or dad may realize you are right about smoking .And if they do agree to stop smoking,be their biggest supporter.Ask if there's anything you can do to help them when they feel the urge to smoke.Maybe you could go for a walk,do a puzzle,or listen to music together.As they reach milestones,such as a month without smoking,be sure to celebrate the achievement.Way to go,mom!Way to go,dad!
小題1: In the first paragraph,the author intended to tell us______.

A．the reasons you have for your parents' giving up smoking

B．the great damage smoking can cause to secondhand smokers

C．most smokers are includable and stubborn

D．smoking does harm to smoker's health

小題2: If you bring up the topic of smoking directly,_________.

A．the smokers will accept your advice willingly

B．the smokers may become very annoyed at once

C．the smokers will take your words into account

D．the smokers will put you in an embarrassing situation

小題3:The underlined word "milestones" in the first paragraph means________.

A．stones which are miles away

B．a(chǎn)greements signed by both sides

C．practical tools for stopping smoking

D．a(chǎn)chievements gained with great efforts

小題4:The author wrote the text for_______.

A．school teachers	B．health experts
C．sons and daughters	D．medical scientists