(   ) 1. Their lack of qualifications        them to a lifetime of boring,usually poorly-paid work.

A. caused    B. condemned    C. contributed    D. conducted 

NEW YORK(Reuters) ―The Internet and advances in technology are transforming fashion,making it easier for designers to create collections and less expensive for them to show and sell their work,experts say.

Instead of spending tens of thousands of dollars on a runway(T形臺(tái)) show at New York Fashion Week,some designers presented collections for spring and summer2010 online, while others are expanding the reach of their brand by making it easier for shoppers to buy their clothes online.

Designer Norma Kamali and Polo Ralph Lauren Corp both have applications for Apple Inc.'s iPhone that allows shoppers to buy clothes from their phone.

^TTiis is the technology that, s changing our lives，" said Kamali，who displayed her spring and summer2010 collection as well as exclusive lines(專(zhuān)賣(mài)品) for eBay Inc. and Walmart.com at the Apple store in Manhattan' s Soho neighborhood.

Kamali's iPhone application has a "Try Before You Buy" option,which allows clothes to be sent overnight to a customer,who provides her credit card information, so she can try them on at home before deciding to buy.

Menswear designer Miguel Antoinne and womenswear designer Marc Bouwer both put on virtual fashion shows, while models at fashion designer Vivienne Tarn's show carried a laptop computer adorned(裝飾) with a Tarn design.

Mazdack Rassi，co-founder and creative director of Milk Studios，a downtown space that showed about70 collections during New York Fashion Week,and was considering projecting shows on the side of a building so people at nearby park could watch.

With cable TV and the Internet,designers know that their shows can be seen by many more people than just the editors and media who attend.

Designers are finding that technology can also help the actual design work by allowing artists to explore new ideas and processes.

But Simon Collins，the dean of fashion at Parsons―the new school for design，said even though technology is helpful, there is still no substitute for talent and hard work. "Absolutely,there'll be people out there that have successful businesses that don，t know the first thing about draping(剪裁) and construction,just think it up,put it on the computer,fire it off the factory and it works," Collins said. "But they're the exception, not the rule."

(   ) 8. According to the passage，one advantage of the Internet is that it allows the designers to

     A.  share their collections with other designers

    B.  display their work at a lower cost

    C.  receive information about the popular fashion trend

    D.  inform the editors and media of their collections

(   ) 9. Which of the following is true about Kamali?

     A.   She, s aware of the importance of the Internet.

    B.   She's against buying clothes online.

    C.   She thinks New York Fashion Week will attract fewer and fewer people.

    D.   She's considering holding a show on the side of a building. 

(   ) 10. We can infer from the passage that        .

     A.   it's difficult to become a well-known designer

    B.   it's dangerous to do online shopping

    C.   few people pay attention to virtual fashion shows

    D.   designers are finding various ways to make their shows known to the public 

(   ) 11. According to the last paragraph，we know that Collins        .

     A.   is a successful businessman

    B.   does not agree that technology is helpful in designing works

    C.   pays more attention to people' s natural gift and hard work

    D.   does not understand the fashion of actual design work

(   ) 12. The purpose of the writing is to        .

     A.   celebrate the success of New York Fashion Week

    B.   stress the role of technology in fashion

    C.   introduce the activities in New York Fashion Week

    D.   advertise New York Fashion Week

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group，so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on

violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were two to four years old the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were five to nine years old. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group，the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.

(   ) 4. According to the first study，we mainly know that        .

     A.   the game is called Prisoner's Dilemma

    B.   the less a group punished itself,the lower its earnings

    C.   adults are much more cooperative if rewarded

    D.   the game is introduced in the journal Science

(   ) 5.Which of the following is true according to the second study?

     A.  Children' s IQs has much to do with physical punishment.

    B.  The study is about violence and abuse of children.

    C.  The children tested were divided into groups of four.

    D.  Children' s mental development only relies on their IQs. 

(   ) 6. What does the underlined word "spanked" refer to?

A. Punished.    B. Blamed.    C. Tested.    D. Praised.

(   ) 7. What might be the best title for the text?

     A.  The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior

    B.  Punishment Is the Best Way of Education

    C.  Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior

    D.  Punishment or Reward：Which Works Better on Behavior?

Brenda Linson never goes anywhere without an empty spectacles case. It is as vital to her as her purse. Yet，she doesn，t wear glasses. The reason she cannot do without it is that she cannot read and she cannot write. If ever she gets into any situation where she might be expected to do either of these things,she fishes around in her bag for the spectacles case,finds it's empty,and asks the person concerned to do the reading for her. Until a few months ago hardly anybody knew about her problem. Her husband didn't know and her children didn't know. The children still don't.

She had many tactics for hiding her difficulty―for example,never lingering near a phone at work,in case she had to answer it and might be required to write something down.

It has never occurred to the children that their mother cannot read. She doesn，t read them stories，

but then their father doesn，t either，so they find nothing surprising in the fact. Similarly they just accept that Dad is the one who writes the sick notes and reads the school reports. Now that the elder boy Tom is quite a proficient reader,Brenda can skillfully get him to read any notes brought home from school simply by asking, "What's that all about,then?"

Brenda, s husband never guessed the truth in ten years of marriage. For one thing，he insists on handling all domestic correspondence and bills himself,A salesman for a large company，he travels a great deal and so is not around so much to spot the truth. While he' s away Brenda copes with any situations by explaining that she cannot do anything until she' s discussed it with her husband.

Brenda was very successful in her job until recently. For the last five years she had worked as waitress at an expensive restaurant,and had eventually been promoted to head waitress. She kept the thing a secret there too,and got over the practical difficulties somehow.

(   ) 1. Brenda carries an empty spectacles case wherever she goes because       .

     A.   she is always so forgetful

    B.   she uses it as a purse

    C.   it may provide her with an excuse

    D.   she wishes to look like an educated woman

(   ) 2.Brenda's children have never found out about her problem as         .

     A.  she isn't often at home

    B.  they are too young to guess the truth

    C.  they find it normal to ask their father for everything

    D.  they think it natural that short-sighted people like their mother don't do much reading or writing

(   ) 3. What most probably made Brenda try hard to hide her difficulty?

     A.   Her desire to be successful in her job.

    B.   Her fear of losing face.

    C.   Her deceitful nature.

    D.   Both A and  B.

10. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening,        the problems thrashing around in my brain. ( seem)

黃昏時(shí)分既悶熱又潮濕，我坐下來(lái)，滿(mǎn)腦子翻騰起伏的問(wèn)題似乎沒(méi)有解決辦法。

9. It is high time that        of protecting these old traditions and customs before they die out. (bear)

我們是時(shí)候應(yīng)該承擔(dān)起保護(hù)這些古老的傳統(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的責(zé)任來(lái)，不讓它們消亡

8. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty              and literature. (express)

以往歷史上的每種偉大的文化，其審美觀都會(huì)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中體現(xiàn)。

7. They        ，but both of them went to bed early last night and totally forgot about it. (set)

他們應(yīng)該著手做準(zhǔn)備，但他們昨晚卻早早地上了床，完全忘了這件事。

6. E-mails，though occasionally           ，are considered far more convenient than traditional letters. (expose)

盡管偶爾我們會(huì)收到虛假信息，但是電子郵件還是被認(rèn)為比傳統(tǒng)的書(shū)信方便多了。

5. Turn on the TV or open a magazine,        advertisements showing happy, balanced families. (see)

打開(kāi)電視或者翻開(kāi)雜志，你經(jīng)常會(huì)看到表現(xiàn)幸福、.和諧家庭的廣告宣傳。