Does happiness have a scent?

When someone is happy，can you smell it?

You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile，hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug．But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent，and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell，reports Phys．org．

For the study，12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them．All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers，and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period．

Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell，while researchers monitored their reactions．Only women were selected to smell the samples，apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents．

Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents—particularly their facial expressions—indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them．

“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell，” said study co-author Gun Semin，a professor at Koc University in Turkey．

This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent，but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others．The study also found that other emotions，such as fear，seem to carry a scent too．This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell，but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings．

Researchers have yet to isolate(分離) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is，but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be．Happiness perfumes，for instance，could be invented． Scent therapies（香味療法）could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety．

Perhaps the most surprising result of the study，however，is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated，and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us．

1.What is the main finding of the new research?

A． Men produce more sweats．

B． Negative emotions have a smell．

C． Pleasant feelings can be smelt out．

D． Women have a better sense of smell．

2.The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________．

A． Avoid

B． Practice

C． Continue

D． try

3.What is the application value of the new research?

A． Perfumes could help people understand each other．

B． Some smells could be developed to better our mood．

C． Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases．

D． Some smells could be created to improve our appearance．

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that ________．

A． happiness comes from a scent of sweat

B． positive energy can deepen understanding

C． people need more emotional communication

D． social surroundings can influence our emotions

Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn’t be challenged． While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don’t change，it’s unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today’s rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．

Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good． They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)，stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．

People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating．If companies don’t innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic． Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．

Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN．Turner’s solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day．The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However，it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don’t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted． They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．

Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，thrive and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change．

1.DEC has disappeared probably because ___________．

A． the consumers didn’t like its products

B． the leaders lacked the sense of security

C． the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas

D． the employees took many risks with changes

2.The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove _________．

A． missing opportunities could lead to failure

B． changing could contribute to business success

C． watching news at the dinner hour is convenient

D． conventional wisdom influences business success

3.What does the underlined part probably mean?

A． Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly．

B． Most of the viewers don’t like to watch the news at work．

C． It’s necessary to understand when people watch the news．

D． It’s easy to know people needn’t watch the news all the time．

4.The passage is mainly written to tell us that ______．

A． old methods are changing with time

B． opportunities lead to business success

C． conventional wisdom limits innovation

D． successful companies need wise leaders

假設你是紅星中學高三（1）班的班長李華，你們班的外教Lisa已經(jīng)結束本學期的教學工作回到美國，請代表你們班給她寫一封郵件。郵件的內(nèi)容包括：

1．詢問她的近況;

2．回顧在外教課上的收獲;

3．表達對她的感謝和祝福。

注意：1．詞數(shù)不少于50;

2．開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Lisa，

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Yours，

Li Hua

假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，以“A visit to the Museum of the Anti-Japanese War”為題，給�？�“英語角”寫一篇英文稿件，介紹你們班同學參觀抗日戰(zhàn)爭紀念館的過程。

注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。

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We arranged that Kissinger(基辛格) would fly to Vietnam early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back． There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed and not be seen by the press． Then, with President Yapha’s help, he would be taken to the airport where a Pakistani jet would fly him over the mountains to China.

Kissinger’s trip was given the name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journey in China． Everything went quite smoothly． His slight illness in Islamabad received only small attention from reporters covering him． They accepted the story that he would be kept shut up for at least a few days and began making arrangements for their own activities.

Because of the need for complete secrecy and the lack of any direct communication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China． Even after he had returned to Pakistan, it would still be important to keep it secret, so before Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word – Eureka – which he would use if his missions were successful and the presidential trip had been arranged． On July 11, Al Haig, who knew our code work, phoned to say that a cable(電傳) from Kissinger had arrived.

“What’s the message?” I asked． “Eureka”． he replied.

1.Kissinger stopped in Pakistan because ___________.

A． he had a stomachache

B． he needed President Yapha’s help in carrying out a secret plan

C． he did not want to be seen by the press

D． he would like to take a Pakistani jet on his way back

2.The reporter in Islamabad believed that ___________.

A． Marco Polo made a trip to China

B． Kissinger would make a journey to China

C． Kissinger was making arrangements for their activities

D． Kissinger was sick

3.Washington would have no word from Kissinger while he was in China, mainly because ___________.

A． the trip must be kept secret

B． president Yapha would not fly together with Kissinger

C． communication between China and Islamabad was impossible

D． Al Haig would phone to the author to tell him about Kissinger’s trip

4.From the passage we can infer that Kissinger’s cable carrying the message “Eureka” must have been sent ______.

A． before he had left Beijing

B． soon after he had returned to Pakistan from China

C． as soon as he had arrived in Washington on July 11

D． before he returned to Pakistan on July 11

Students’ Insurance

What Is Covered under Contents?

Under the “Contents” section your possessions---which you do not have to be listed---will be protected on “new for old” basis where items will be replaced as new---regardless of their age or condition.

“Contents” include books, radios, audio and video players, TVs, jewellery, home computers, furniture, household goods, other electrical equipment and sports equipment． They will be insured as follows:

Theft

Fire, Lighting, Explosion

Malicious(惡意)Damage

Storm, Flood and other natural disasters

But new-for-old cover does not include clothing and linen.

Where Does Cover Apply?

Anywhere in Australia whether in:

Your Living Place While at College

Your Parents’ Home or Any Temporary Residence(臨時住處)---where you are staying when away from College

Your College or Students’ Union Building

College Storage during Vacations

Plus The Following Benefits Included Free

Loss or Damage to:

Gas, water and electricity meters and telephones---up to$300

TVs and videos rented in your name

Library books---up to $300

Daily things bought---up to $500 as to cover described under “Contents”

College or Landlord’s Possessions in your rooms by Fire or Theft (if you are legally responsible---up to $2,000)

Personal Money: from your room---up to $60

PLUS fraudulent(欺詐)use of your Credit Card---up to $1,000

1.If you lose an old video player, the insurance company will _____.

A． replace it with a new one

B． pay you up to $30 in insurance

C． pay you nothing for it is old

D． replace it with a used one

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A． Your household goods will not be insured due to natural disasters.

B． Your computer is insured when you are away from college.

C． You can be paid $2,000 for fraudulent use of your Credit Card.

D． Your rented car is completely insured if it is damaged.

3.All of the following are included in the insurance project except _____.

A． audio and video players, TVs

B． jewellery, library books

C． clothing, linen and cars

D． furniture, home computers

4.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.

A． if you lose a radio you can get another one

B． if you have your possessions stolen outside Australia they are not insured

C． if a fire breaks out in your room you can get everything back

D． if your jewellery is stolen you will be paid as much as $300

“Mirror, mirror, which clothes suit me best?” Now, there is a magic mirror in the shopping center__1.__can answer the question.

A shopping center in England is selling a magic dressing mirror．You needn’t enter a fitting room and put the clothes__2.__by yourself．All you need to do is stand in front of the mirror．The magic mirror can tell you__3.__ the clothing you have chosen suits you or not.

3D technology __4.__ (use) for the magic mirror for you to choose and try on all kinds of clothes from different stores．When you stand in front of the mirror, it will use the technology to make its own__5.__ (judge) of your body type．Then you can see__6.__ wearing the dress you have chosen in the mirror．

It’s very convenient for you to find the most__7.__ (suit) dress．You do not have to spend a lot of time __8.__ (walk) around in different stores．__9.__ do you need to shut yourself into a small dressing room．

“The mirror has worked much better with women’s clothing than __10._ (expect), so we are now developing the software for men’s and kid’ clothing, ” said the marketing manager of the shopping center.

Mike had prepared carefully for the exam, so that he could be sure of passing it on his first _______.

A． attention B． purpose

C． attempt D． desire

China’s rich civilization ________ the world with a happy surprise at the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games.

A． showed B． attracted

C． presented D． performed

---Your daughter looks so thin.

---Yes, she’s so ________ about what she eats.

A． particular B． special

C． especial D． likely