【題目】

Of all the reasons, cloning for medical purposes has the most potential to benefit large numbers of people. How might cloning be used in medicine?

Much of what researchers learn about human disease comes from studying animal models such as mice. Often, animal models are genetically engineered to carry disease-causing mutations (變異) in their genes. Creating these transgenic animals is a time-intensive process that requires trial-and-error and several generations of breeding. Cloning technologies might reduce the time needed to make a transgenic animal model, and the result would be a population of genetically identical animals for study.

Stem cells are the body's building blocks, responsible for developing, maintaining and repairing the body throughout life. As a result, they might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Researchers are currently looking toward cloning as a way to create genetically defined human stem cells for research and medical purposes. To see how this is done, see Creating Stem Cells for Research, a component of the Stem Cells in the Spotlight module.

Farm animals such as cows, sheep and goats are currently being genetically engineered to produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine. Just like creating animal models of disease, cloning might be a faster way to produce large herds of genetically engineered animals. Find out more about this research in the feature article Pharming for Farmaceuticals.

Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this feature film, scientists use DNA preserved for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and fiercer than expected.

In reality? Probably not. It's not likely that dinosaur DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. However, scientists have tried to clone species that became extinct more recently, using DNA from well-preserved tissue samples.

To clone or not to clone: that is the question. The prospect of cloning humans is highly controversial and raises a number of ethical, legal and social challenges that need to be considered.

【1】 Of all the reason of cloning, which do people think is the most benefit to people?

A. Medicine purpose. B. protecting endangered animal

C. Cloning for some families. D. Purifying human beings

【2】 By the passage we can infer that the side effect people would research human disease using animal models is __________.

A. the sample is not the same with human

B. the sample has less function than human

C. the sample often carries disease in the genes

D. the results can't adapt to human

【3】 What function do stem cells play in body?

A. Breeding. B. Repairing. C. Replacing. D. Reproducing.

【4】 According to the passage, which statement of the following is not right?

A. Cloning animals have achieved now.

B. By cloning people can cure some deadly diseases.

C. Dinosaurs in the future film are smarter.

D. Cloning can bring human only happiness.

【5】 The title of this passage probably is __________.

A. Why clone? B. The benefit of cloning.

C. Cloned animals. D. Cloning in the future.

【題目】In much of the animal world, night is the time ______ for sleep – pure and simple.

A. set aside B. set down C. set off D. set up

【題目】I looked through the window of our hotel, ______ I saw a man taking photos in the yard.

A. where B. at which

C. when D. from where

【題目】

A recent study in the Chronicle of Higher Education said many foreign students report feeling lonely or unwelcome in Australia. Those feelings are among the reasons why Australia is taking a close look at its international education industry. The government has formed an advisory council to help develop a five-year national strategy for the future of international education in Australia.

But wherever international students go, making friends may not always be easy. The Journal of International and Intercultural Communication recently published a study done in the United States.

Elisabeth Gareis of Baruch College in New York surveyed 454 international students. They were attending four-year colleges and graduate schools in the American South and Northeast.

Students from English-speaking countries and from northern and central Europe were more likely to be happy with their friendships. But 38 percent of the international students said they had no close friends in the United States.

And half of the students from East Asia said they were unhappy with the number of American friends they had. Professor Gareis says 30 percent said they wished their friendships could be deeper and more meaningful.

Elisabeth Gareis said, "Students from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture in the United States. But then there's also language problems, and maybe some social skills, such as small talk, that are possibly not as important in their native countries, where it's not as important to initiate friendships with small talk."

She says many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans.

VOA's Student Union blogger Jessica Stahl did her own survey to find out how American students and foreign students relate to each other. More than 100 students, about half of them American, answered her online questions.

Half of the international students and 60 percent of the Americans said they related as well or better to the other group than to their own group.

Professor Gareis says students who make friends from their host country return home happier with their experience.

【1】 What can be the best title for the passage?

A. International students making friends may not always be easy.

B. Australia judges its strategies for the future of international education.

C. International students were happy with their friendships.

D. Many East Asian students have limited friendships with Americans.

【2】 According to the text, what makes Australia examine its international industry?

A. A recent study in the Chronicle of Higher Education.

B. The feelings of loneliness many foreign students have.

C. A survey made by Professor Gareis.

D. Her own survey done by blogger Jessica Stahl.

【3】 Which may NOT be the reason why many students from East Asia were unhappy with their friendships?

A. Different cultures. B. Language problems.

C. Some social skills. D. Living conditions.

【4】 The word "where" in Paragraph 6 probably refers to __________.

A. students' home countries

B. students' host countries

C. the United States

D. Australia

【5】 Where do you think this article can be seen?

A. Newspaper. B. Journal.

C. Textbook. D. Website.

【題目】

Everything in the universe is made up of atoms, the universe is full of sound and we being part of the universe are therefore full of sound. The world of music and sound has no space and no time or limitations. Sound is one of the initial senses to awaken in the womb (子宮). It brings the intricate (錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的) and awe-inspiring world to us while we live, and is the last sense to leave us as we die.

Everything has a frequency—even our feelings, words and actions carry a frequency. In today's society, we are constantly exposed to an ocean of "foreign" frequencies such as noise pollution, television, radio and so on, which negatively affect our own natural resonance (共振), including our immune system. It is then vital for us to regularly rebalance our energy field in order to remain in good health.

We are responsible for everything we listen to. The power of music and sound can produce beauty and inspiration, or can be destructive, violent and painful. Listening to highly dramatic classical music-especially the kind full of trilling "peaks and valleys"—can cause the brain to arouse the release of endorphins, chemicals that lead to pleasurable feelings. However listening to relaxing music and imagining calm scenes is one of the best ways to ward of migraines (偏頭疼) and stress. That's why we see such positive effects from calm music.

The "Mozart effect" studies indicated that one area of cognitive processing increased after listening to this music for a period of time. However, this does lead to speculation that listening to certain types of music will develop and improve mental function. Many people express an increased ability to concentrate when certain background music is played.

Music has nonverbal imaginative, structural and emotional qualities that can inspire and lift a person into a higher reality of health and happiness. Sound stimulates all of the senses and involves a person at many levels. Music and sound therapy is broadly use in the treatment of people of all ages who have problems of a mental, physical, and emotional nature. Listening to and making music reduce heart rate and blood pressures, stimulates various types of brain activity, and provide people with a sense of calmness, safety and even security.

【1】 According to the passage we can know that __________.

A. sound can be awakened at an early time

B. music has a space people can't surpass

C. the frequency has positive influenced on people

D. The power of music may reduce inspiration

【2】 In order to remain in good healthy state, we should __________.

A. often listen to music

B. usually do enough exercise

C. regularly rebalance our energy

D. sometimes adjust to our ability

【3】 The underlined word in the forth paragraph means __________.

A. thought B. explanation

C. introduction D. construction

【4】 The statements to music are right except __________.

A. music can produce inspiration or destruction

B. relaxing music can treat migraine

C. dramatic classical music can make people excited

D. cognitive processing can be reduced by listening to music

【5】 In the therapy, music and sound can treat many problems except __________.

A. blood pressure B. distraction

C. migraine D. emotional nature

【題目】Money ________ happiness; you need a certain amount (數(shù)量) to live comfortably, but more money does not necessarily buy more happiness.

A. plays a part in

B. takes part in

C. makes a fool of

D. adds up to

【題目】The girl standing there looks a bit __________ to me. I wonder if I have seen her somewhere before.

A. similar

B. friendly

C. strange

D. familiar

【題目】--John said he would provide you with anything you needed, didn’t he?

--Yeah. It was ______ of him, but I declined his offer.

A. modest B. punctual C. instant D. considerate

【題目】-- What a mess! You are always so lazy!

-- I’m not to blame, mum. I am ______ you have made me.

A. how B. what C. that D. who

【題目】She is not very __________ about the idea of going camping. I think she will stay at home reading.

A. worried

B. enthusiastic

C. confused

D. pleased