In many cultures white is often associated with something positive. A white-collar job, for instance, is the kind of job many people look for, working with your brain and not your hands.

White has a clean and pure image. That is why doctors, dentists, and nurses usually wear white uniforms. Babies are dressed in white at baptisms（洗禮）and brides wear white wedding gowns at weddings. White in these cases is the symbol of innocence or purity.

Sometimes white is used in expressions that are not good. “Whitewash” is one such expression. At first, “whitewash” meant to paint over something with white paint to make it look better. However, it means something different today: to hide or to cover up mistakes or failures.

A “white elephant” is another example of white used in a negative way. In ancient Thailand, a white elephant was regarded as a sacred animal, but it was very expensive to keep. The kings of those days presented a white elephant to the people they wanted to ruin. Once they received this holy, royal animal as a gift, they were not allowed to sell or kill it. Today, a “white elephant” means something that is big, useless, and unwanted. In America, when people want to get rid of their furniture or clothes, they often have a “white elephant sale”.

The text is mainly about________.

    A. the meanings of white in English culture  

B. the history of some English idioms

    C. some interesting customs in English culture

    D. some useful English words and expressions

Which expression has an historical background ?

    A. White-wash.                           B. White-collar.

C. White elephant.                         D. White elephant sale.

In which statement does “white” have a negative meaning?

A. A boy is dressed in white at baptisms.     

B. A bride wears a white wedding gown.

C. A man whitewashes his crime.        

D. A girl finds a white collar job.

From the text we can learn that _______.

   A. a white-elephant sale is useful to the poor    

B. the white color is important in our daily life

   C. a white-collar job used to be easy to get

   D. expressions with white have different meanings

The author develops the text mainly by ______.

A. analyzing its cause and effect

B. providing typical examples

C. comparing different ideas

D. following the time order

Directions: Read the following passage．Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．

       A migraine headache（偏頭疼） can cause disabling pain．People may not feel back to normal for hours or even for days．

       Migraine headaches are most common among young adults and middle-aged people．In the United States, about eighteen percent of women and six percent of men report having migraines．

       People who suffer from migraines can find that different "triggers" in different people may get a headache started．Stress can act as a trigger．

       Many migraine sufferers say hot weather and low barometric pressure（氣壓） can act as triggers, but researchers say they did not have much scientific evidence of that-until now．

       In a new study, a team examined the medical records of seven thousand hospital patients．The patients had visited the emergency room at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, because of a headache．More than two thousand of them had been found to have a migraine．

       The team then compared those records to weather conditions in the twenty-four hours before the hospital visits．For every increase of five degrees Celsius in air temperature, the patients had a seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine．Decreases in barometric pressure two to three days before the visit also appeared to cause headaches．

       A separate study has found that age, gender and where a person has extra body fat may affect the risk of migraine．It found that overweight people between the ages of twenty and fifty-five may have a higher risk．On average, those who were larger around the middle were more likely to have migraines than those of the same age with smaller waistlines（腰圍）．

       Experts suggest that losing weight in the stomach area may help younger people who experience migraines, especially women．Doing exercises regularly is also helpful to reducing migraine headaches．

Title:

●        ．

● Not feel back to normal for hours or even days．

People suffering from it Young adults and

_______    Hot weather→ every increase of five degrees Celsius: seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine

                         → decreases two to three days before the visit appeared to cause headaches

       A separate study              and where a person has extra body fat→ overweight people between twenty and fifty-five have a higher risk

     ● Lose weight in the stomach area．

●        ．

Sustainable development is long-term ______which focuses on the environment and _____ natural resources．

       A．plan; preserve           B．plan; preserving   

       C．planning; preserving            D．planning ;preserve

The newspaper is owned by a foreign company,      boss is Sir James Bex.

       A．when B．where       C．which       D．whose

No such authorization ______ be given without the president’s written permission.

A．should         B．shall         C．would          D．may

We first met on a train in 2000．We both felt immediately that we _____ each other for years.

A．knew               B．have known            C．had known       D．know

None of them have regular and         source of income and forced to live below poverty line.

A．safe   B．legal  C．secure       D．diverse

Only when he read the newspaper _____ the US President Obama would deliver a speech in his university．

       A．he knew                B．he had known      

       C．had he known              D．did he know

--Have you seen Tony recently?

    --No, but I ________ dinner with him on Sunday．

    A．would have                   B．have had

C．have been having                 D．a(chǎn)m having

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That   50   in large measure on who you are.

If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history,   50  , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for   52   critical thinking and problem-solving skills．If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you.

If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous   53  ．In offices where secretaries have not already been eliminated, the

  54   role of a clerk is now unrecognizable．Most bosses   55   their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are   56   taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems．Those willing to expand their   57   should do well.

If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (執(zhí)法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach   58   standards for female applicants．Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are   59   even to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago.

Degrees in sports management are also   60  ．Two hundred U.S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1985, now   61   undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs．At some school you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree.

  62  , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart．MBA recruitment (招聘) is way up, and salaries are   63  ．But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for．A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent   64   the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.”

A．concentrates        B．depends        C．takes            D．passes

A．by comparison      B．a(chǎn)s a result        C．for instance      D．in return

A．developing        B．discouraging    C．confirming       D．a(chǎn)ppreciating

A．troubles           B．pains         C．tests            D．changes

A．a(chǎn)ctive             B．small           C．useful           D．traditional

A．a(chǎn)wait              B．handle         C．transfer         D．classify

A．increasingly       B．unwillingly      C．diligently        D．intentionally

A．horizons          B．a(chǎn)ctivities       C．organizations    D．operations

A．medium           B．high            C．fair           D．legal

A．keen              B．resolved        C．reluctant         D．qualified

A．on display          B．a(chǎn)t an end        C．a(chǎn)t rest           D．on the rise

A．cancel             B．offer            C．register          D．drop

A．Contrarily         B．Consequently   C．Finally         D．Strictly

A．competitive         B．moderate        C．fixed         D．regular

A．give out           B．a(chǎn)gree with       C．wonder about   D．focus on