There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women．It shows up in 2-year-olds．It continues through school days and persists into adulthood．It is even constant across cultures．And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology．

       If there's a woman’s trait（特點(diǎn)） which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education"．Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home．But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore．Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers（學(xué)步者） learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言語(yǔ)暗示） from others．And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear．The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust．

       What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men．At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers．But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere．

       Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men．But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often． Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences．Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening．

1．The passage mainly discusses__________．

       A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations

       B．how hormone determines sex differences

       C．why there are differences between males and females

       D．why men and women have different social roles

2．According to the writer, women’s caring nature is      .

       A．not inborn in any sense                         B．inspired by women’s families

       C．caused by social prejudice                    D．partly biological in origin

3．The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________．

       A．women are not as competitive as men

       B．law is not the fight profession for women

       C．women are as excellent as men when they are young

       D．a(chǎn)cademic qualities are not equal to performance

4．We can say from paragraph 4 that       .

       A．men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often．

       B．female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders．

       C．men and women are different in their leadership style．

       D．decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician．

Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt（困擾） you—appears to be the key to the finding．

       Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．

       His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接觸） of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

       But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

       People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出的） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

       Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

1．Hancock’s study focuses on ________．

       A．the consequences of lying in various communications media

       B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

       C．people’s preference in selecting communications technologies

       D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

2．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________．

       A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages

       B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

       C．people are most likely to lie in email communication

       D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

3．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

       A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

       B．They believe that honesty is the best policy

       C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media

       D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication

4．According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________．

       A．salesmen can talk directly to their customers

       B．salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

       C．salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

       D．salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從對(duì)話后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)多余選項(xiàng)。（M=Mike   B=Ben）

M: Hi, Ben. My dad and I are going boating tomorrow.

B: Wow! That’s cool!

M: What’s your plan for the long weekend?

B: I’ll watch late night shows on TV and get up as late as I like.

M:           1          

B: Maybe not. But these are the two most enjoyable things I can think of.

M:           2        

B: What do we need hobbies for? We don’t even have enough time for schoolwork.

M:           3          But hobbies can help you to relax.

B:           4        

M: Well, take baseball for instance. You simply must get schoolwork out of your head while standing in the outfield.

B: Otherwise I’ll either get hit or lose a catch.

M:       5      

B: Exhausted, but satisfied.

M: You feel that you have finished a job.

B: You bet!

M: There! See what I mean?

       A．How are you today?

       B．That isn’t much of a plan, is it?

       C．You may have a point there.

       D．And how do you feel after each game?

       E．Are hobbies that great?

       F．Oh? Tell me how it works.

       G．Don’t you have a hobby?

Tourism is a boom industry. People want to enjoy the beautiful

scenery which many tourist destinations offer, they want to experience          1．            

different lifestyles, too. Ethnic resorts are becoming increasing popular.         2．           

However, developing tourism in ethnic regions cause a great many                 3．           

problems, the most significant one being the destruction of ethnic culture.      4．           

       Many ethnic groups lived in remote regions, far from the outside world.  5．           

As tourism developing, this changes. Ethnic groups are being exposed to        6．           

many visitors. In some resort, such as Dali and Lijiang, the number of the      7．           

tourists is even larger than those of the ethnic inhabitants. To attract tourists,  8．            

there are a plenty of commercial activities in these regions. This often has      9．           

a bad effect of the local area. As a result, some cultures have lost their           10.            

ethnic flavor.

—I'm terribly sorry, Lucy．I've left your notebook at home．

—_____? I reminded you last night．

A．So what          B．Why not            C．How come          D．What if

—You've finally figured out the puzzle!

—Yeah, in a complex way, _____．

A．too         B．though            C．either          D．yet

Do you think _____ possible to work out a correct figure of the income that the Expo will bring to China?

A．that            B．this           C．one          D．it

When you talk about a person's _____, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors．

A．origin           B．nationality          C．generation           D．relative

—People in Southwest China have never experienced _____ natural disaster．

—Exactly．Let's do our bit to help them．

A．a(chǎn) more severe                                         B．the most severe

C．the more severe                                         D．a(chǎn) most severe

Passengers on board aren't allowed _____ calls during take-off．

A．making or receiving                              B．to make or receive

C．to have made or received                           D．having made or received