With generous support from the Japan-united States Friendship Commission, the Organization of American Historians (OAH) and the Japanese Association for American Studies (JAAS), we will send two American scholars to Japanese universities for two-week residency (居住). There, in English, the American historians give lectures and seminars (研討會) in their specialty and provide individual consultation (咨詢) to Japanese scholars, graduate and sometimes visitors also participate in the collegial life of their host institutions and help expand scholarly networks between Japan and the U.S. The aim of the program is to contribute to the expansion of personal scholarly networks between the two countries. We are pleased to announce the eleventh year of the competition.

Round-trip airfare to Japan, housing, and modest daily expenses are covered. Awardees are also encouraged to explore Japan before or after their two-week residency at their own expense. Applicants must be members of OAH, have a Ph.D., and be scholars of American history. Applicants from previous competitions are welcome to apply again. Winners of the competition are expected to attend the 2007 OAH annual meeting in Minneapolis, so that they can meet with visiting Japanese scholars and graduate students as well as the OAH-JAAS Historians’ Collaborative (合作的) Committee.

The two host institutions Japan for 2007 are:

Nanzan University  From modest beginnings as a college of foreign languages in 1946, Nanzan has since grown into a full-fledged (完全有有資格的) university with a worldwide reputation for academic excellence. Applicant’s area of specialty: Modern American History with an emphasis on race, ethnicity and labor.

Tokyo woman’s Christian University Founded in 1910, Woman’s University has established a nation wide reputation for its high level of academic instruction. Applicant’s area of specialty: U.S. Woman’s History.

More information about the Japanese host institution is available at <http://www.org/actiuities>.

1．The following statements are true EXCEPT that _____.

       A．a(chǎn)wardees will stay in Japan for two weeks

       B．a(chǎn)pplicants must have a PhD

       C．the winners needn’t pay for the air tickets

       D．scholars can give lectures in either English or Japanese

2．Applicants can get more information by ______

       A．telephoning                                      B．visiting a website   

       C．faxing                                           D．visiting to consulting

3．Nanzan University needs scholars majoring in __________.

       A．Japan History with emphasis on Woman Rights

       B．American History emphasizing law

       C．Japanese History emphasizing labor

       D．American History emphasizing race

4．Which of following is TRUE?

       A．The purpose of the program is to expand national relationship

       B．The program has a history of 20 years.

       C．Tokyo Woman’s Christian Univer sity has a history of 100 years.

       D．Former applicants can’t apply again this year.

Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a few, for example, the average among students is about six per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy (親密) between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common—they often talk about “being on the same wave length”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate difference of opinion.

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experience and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class race.

1．What are friends according to the author?

       A．Friends are those who can get on well with each other.

       B．Friends are those who can understand each other.

       C．Friends are closer than those who get on well with each other.

       D．Friends are those who know how to get on well with each other.

2．In Paragraph 2,“being to the same wave length” most probably means _____.

       A．keeping friendship all the time

       B．having the same age and background

       C．sharing similar interests, ideas, attitudes and beliefs

       D．sharing the same rights between friends

3．Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?

       A．Sometimes friends may have different ideas.

       B．Close friends must have similar ideas, interests, beliefs and attitudes.

       C．Friends can break a promise.

       D．Friends never argue with each other.

4．To strengthen the association between two people, ______.

       A．friendship ceremonies must be held.

       B．differences in background have to be removed.

  C．people should make friends only with those who are similar to them in age and background.

       D．they should support and understand each other in any case.

A．What’s the trouble, Mr. Smith?

B．I’ve a bad cold and a bad headache.

A． 1  .

B．Yes, thirty—nine point five.

A．I see .Open your mouth and say “Ah” 2  Let me ex-amine you. Breathe in Breathe out. That’ll do.

B．3

A．No, it’s only a cold. I’ll give you some medicine. 4

B．How often shall I take the medicine?

B．5

B．Thank you very much, doctor.

A．Be sure to eat it on time.

B．Have you got a fever?

C．Now open your shirt.

D．Drink more water and keep warm.

E．Did you use to stay up too late at night?

F．Is there anything serious, doctor?

G．Three times a day.

The traditional approach ____ with complex problem is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

A．to dealing      B．in dealing     C．dealing          D．to deal

Having retired from business, he now _____ himself with his garden.

A．is occupied          B．occupies        C．is occupying  D．is busy

－How did you how to deal with such a situation?

－Here’s a tip I ___ from my mother.

A．picked up         B．took up     C．kept up     D．put up

How long do you suppose it is _________ he arrived there?

A．when        B．before       C．a(chǎn)fter               D．since

We’ll order tea for twelve people on the ____ that all twelve will come.

A．moment    B．situation    C．surrounding     D．a(chǎn)ssumption

John’s theft from the bank where he worked ____ when the bank examiners made an inspection.

A．came to an end        B．come to life      C．came to light    D．came to the point

The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, ____.

A．her long hair flowed in the breeze                 B．her long hair was flowing in the breeze

C．her long hair were flowing in the breeze        D．her long hair in the breeze