He was said to have______ and would be sentenced to death.

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, "I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself." In fact you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

　 Professor Gerald Gullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as a woman at a party telling another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liars hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (癢).

Another gesture which gives away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood, as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

1．According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie _______.

A．that other people have interest in

B．that other people cannot believe

C．told in order to avoid offending(冒犯) someone

D．told in order to take advantage of someone

2．Research suggests that women _______.

A．a(chǎn)re better at telling lies than men do　　 B．generally lie far more than men

C．often make promises they later break　 D．lie at parties more often than men do

3．Researchers find that　 when a person tells lies．

A．his or her blood pressure increases greatly

B．he or she looks very serious and moves about more

C．he or she tends to make small changes in his behavior

D．he or she uses his unconscious mind

4．One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that_______

A．1ying causes a slight increase in blood pressure

B．the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C．they want to cover their mouths

D．they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

5．Which of the following may best betray (出賣) a liar?

A．The touching of the tip of one’s nose． B．The change of one’s behavior.

C．“The mouth cover” gesture.　　　　　 D．The situations in which his lies are told．

I couldn’t stand the a_______of the place.It’s too noisy.

—Jane, Peter has got a well-paid job in a foreign company．

　 —You mean he is ____ than he used to be．

　 A．badly off　　 　 B．well off　　 　　 C．worse off 　 D．better off

People often talk as if shyness is a disease or mental condition that call be cured．I prefer to think of it as an emotional disability．It’s something we are born with and something we carry with us in our entire lives．There are too many people，however, who seem to be determined to find some way of doing away with their shyness．In my opinion．it’s a waste of time．I don’t mean that we should do nothing about it；quite the contrary, I think we need to separate the basic fact of shyness from our ability to take part in a social environment．

Look at one of the most famous shy people of them all, Johnny Carson．This man is painfully shy, yet for decades he made a living talking and associating（交往）with different people every night，in front of a national audience．Carson has never done away with his shyness，but he has successfully found a way to deal with it to the extent that he could be，not just a talk show host，but a legend（傳奇）among talk show hosts．Look also at Sally Fields，who has recently admitted her problem with shyness．This is a woman who has appeared in many films．TV shows and interviews，yet in her early years she was so shy that she turned down a lunch invitation from JANE Fonda because she was terribly afraid of meeting her．

I guess that our shyness is there because each of us is born with some insecurity（不安全感） and this insecurity prevents us from reaching out to others the way people with a more open personality do．As we grow up and become adults，we allow our social skills to grow and develop．But we are still stuck in kindergarten or elementary school or wherever it was when our shyness took root in our soul．

1．In the author’s view, shyness can be explained as__________．

　 A．a(chǎn) disease that can be easily cured　　 B．a(chǎn) not very normal mental condition

　 C．a(chǎn)n emotional disability　　　　　　 D．something we pick up after birth

2．The author believes it’s a waste of time to________．

　 A．develop a healthy personality　 　　　

B．talk with as many people as possible

　 C．study where shyness comes from

D．look for ways to do away with one’s shyness

3．Which of the following is TRUE of Johnny Carson?

　 A．He dared to speak in front of a national audience．

　 B．He did away with his shyness carefully．

　 C．He was described as a hero in some legend books．

　 D．He failed to become a good talk show host．

4．The passage tells us that Sally Fields was__________．

　 A．proud all the time　　　　　　　　　　 B．impolite when young

　 C．shy in her early years　　　　　　　　　　 D．close to Jane Fonda

5．The author thinks that our shyness is there because___________．

　 A．we are not open enough　　　　　　　　 B．we don’t feel secure at heart

　 C．we try to reach out to others all the time 　 D．we lack some social skills

Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________.

　 A. speaking　 B. spoken　　　　 C. speak　　　　　　 D. being spoken

Only if your parents come __________________________(我才能讓你走).　 (let)

Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.

A. being sung; sang　 B. sang; singing C. sung; sing 　 D. to be sung; to sing

He sat at the desk, __________ a novel.

A. read　　　　 B. to read　　　　 C. reading　　　　 D. reads