We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.
　　So, you have to give a speech and you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”
　　Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
　　Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to -person contact with your audience.
　　If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.
51. The main idea of this article is _________.
   A. that you can improve your speaking ability
   B. that a poor speaker can never change
　 C. to always make a short speech
　 D. that it is hard to make a speech
52. Paragraph 2 implies that ________.
　 A. many people are afraid of giving a speech
　 B. many people are happy to give a speech
　 C. many people do not prepare for a speech
　 D. many people talk too long
53. The underlined phrase “talk over their heads” means ________.
　 A. speak too loudly
　 B. look at the ceiling
　 C. look down upon them
   D. use words and ideas that are too difficult
54. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ___________.
　 A. few people know how to make good speeches
　 B. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
　 C. research is important in preparing a speech
　 D. there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
55. The title for this passage may be _______.
　 A. Do Not Make a Long Speech
　 B. How to Give a Good Speech
　 C. How to Prepare for a Speech

   D. Try to Enjoy a Speech 　

Researchers have developed new software using smart phones' GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smartphone-armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front, the software could be used by everyone, including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．

"The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single, readily available, relatively inexpensive package," said Qia Wang, a doctoral student who led the development of the software．"For example, on the battlefield, a soldier needs a rangefinder, compass, GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software, the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from war, she can use the same software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her children’s school and catching the criminal on video．"

Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track:

Targets of known size —When the size of the target is known, a single image is enough to pinpoint the target's location．

Targets of unknown size —If the exact size of a target is unknown, the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target．

Moving targets —By taking a short video of a moving target, the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going．

"Currently, our software is limited by the physical abilities of smartphone hardware, but the devices are improving rapidly," Wang said. “We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy, battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．"

46. From Paragraph l we can know that the new software can _______________.       

       A．determine the speed of moving objects       B．locate objects in the distance exactly

       C．defend soldiers against their enemies        D．help biologists protect rare animals

47. The example given by Qia Wang is meant to ______________.     

       A．make an advertisement                B．describe the software briefly

       C．show the benefits of the software            D．present the functions of smartphones

48. How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?

       A．By taking a short video．               B．By locating its position．

       C．By taking a single image．             D．By measuring real-life size．

49. What's Qia Wang's attitude towards the future of the software?

       A．Casual．            B．Optimistic         C．Cautious．     D．Flexible．

50. What is the best title of the text?

       A．Qia Wang, a Talented Doctoral Student

       B．Use Smartphone’s to Their Full Potential

       C．Targeting and Tracking With Smart phones

       D．Smartphone - armed Soldiers on the Battlefield

I got your letter and was glad to find that you had not forgotten Jourdon, and that you wanted me to come back and live with you again in Tennessee, promising to do better for me than anybody else can.

Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt. It would do me good to go back to the dear old home again and see Allen, Esther, Green, and Lee. Give my love to them all, and tell them I hope we will meet in the better world, if not in this.

I want to know particularly what the good chance is you propose to give me. I am doing tolerably well here in Ohio. I get twenty-five dollars a month, with food and clothing; have a comfortable home for Mandy, the folks call her Mrs. Anderson; and the children—Milly, Jane, and Grundy—go to school and are learning well. The teacher says Grundy has a head for a preacher. We are kindly treated.

Now, if you will write and say what wages you will give me, I will be better able to decide whether it would be to my advantage to move back again. We have concluded to test your sincerity by asking you to send us our wages for the time we served you. This will make us forget and forgive old scores and rely on your justice and friendship in the future. I served you faithfully for thirty-two years, and Mandy twenty years. At twenty-five dollars a month for me, and two dollars a week for Mandy, our earnings would amount to eleven thousand six hundred and eighty dollars. Add to this the interest for the time our wages have been kept back, and deduct（扣除）what you paid for our clothing, and three doctor’s visits to me, and pulling a tooth for Mandy. If you fail to pay us for faithful labors in the past, we can have little faith in your promises in the future.

In answering this letter, please state if there would be any safety for my Milly and Jane, who are now grown up, and both good-looking girls. I would rather stay here and starve—and die, if it should come to that—than have my girls brought to shame by the violence and wickedness of their young Masters. You will also please state if there has been any schools opened for the colored children in your neighborhood. The great desire of my life now is to give my children an education and have them form virtuous habits.

Say howdy to George Carter, and thank him for taking the pistol from you when you were shooting at me.

41. According to the passage, the letter was written by Jourdon to his former _______.

   A. friend       B. master      C. neighbor        D. relative

41. Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?

   A. The family name of this letter writer is Anderson.

   B. The writer is paid the same as he was in Tennessee.

   C. The writer will certainly get at least 11,680 dollars.

   D. Safety rather than education weighs a lot to the writer.

43. The writer’s description of his present situation implies that _______.

   A. he shows his intention of going back in Tennessee

   B. he is somewhat richer and does not need to go back

   C. his life is relatively good but still needs improvement

   D. he is not a little satisfied with his present life in Ohio

44. The purpose of the writer’s asking for his pay back is _______.

   A. to show he needs that amount of money urgently

   B. to show he is determined to get what he deserved

   C. to test whether the letter receiver is worthy of trust

   D. to tell the letter receiver he still has faith in him

45. From the passage, we can see the writer is very _______.

   A. wise      B. stupid      C. greedy      D. generous

It's a typical Snoopy card: cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Although I've received fancier, more expensive cards over the years, this is the only one I've  21  . One summer, it spoke volumes to me.

I received it   22   the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single   23  , I even had difficulty in the simplest housework: leaky taps, oil changes, even barbecues. Those had always been my husband's  24  . I was embarrassed every time I  25 my thumb with a hammer. My uncertain attempts only  26   the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I   27 the tools and skills.      

That morning, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something. (I prayed it wasn't   28  repair job.) The "something" turned out to be an  29  and several wrapped things on the carpet. My  30  must have been plain as I stared from the colorful packages to my daughters'  31   faces.
     "Go ahead! Open them!" they urged. As I  32   the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill and all the necessary  33   including a green kitchen glove.
     "But why?" I asked.
     "Happy Father's Day!" they shouted together.
     "Moms don't get presents on Father's Day," I said.
     "You forgot to open the   34  ," Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, merrily wishing me a Happy Father's Day." Because," the girls said, "you've been a father and mother to us, why shouldn't you be  35  on Father's Day?"
     As I fought back tears, I realized they were  36  . I wanted to be a "professional" dad, who had the latest tools. The girls  37  wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day,  38  repeatedly the tasks of basic care and love.
     The girls are grown now,  39  they still send me Father's Day cards, but none of those cards means as much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didn't require any special   40  at all—just a willing worker.

 ---How did our students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?

   --- A gift together with many flowers ______ sent to me.

  A. is               B. are              C. was           D. were

 --- Let’s have a game of tennis; the loser has to treat the other to an ice cream.

  --- _________.

  A. I’m afraid so       B. It’s a deal        C. You’ve got a point   D. I suppose not

 ________, they had no chance of winning the war.

  A. As they fought bravely                  B. Bravely though they fought         

  C. Brave as they fought                    D. Now that they fought bravely

 Their talks failed to reach any agreement and ________ seems little hope of a settlement.

  A. it               B. that             C. there           D. what

 ---She might complain about you to your manager.

   ---_________? I know I am in the right.

  A. What for         B. Why not         C. What’s up       D. So what

 How did you manage to get back home ________ you had your money stolen?

  A. if               B. when            C. once           D. because