2009年高考短文改錯(cuò)命題分析指導(dǎo)(二)
3. 動(dòng)詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
1) 謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)為:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間指示不符;并列動(dòng)詞的形式不一致;對(duì)主從句之間由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致而出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)交錯(cuò)現(xiàn)象處理不當(dāng);語態(tài)混用錯(cuò)誤。如:
① (2008 全國卷Ⅱ )
…since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find... 81. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]was→am。 全篇材料時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),惟獨(dú)這里為一般過去時(shí),因此需改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
② (2008 四川卷)
When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city as well. 61. _____
[簡(jiǎn)析]came→come。由will show 的時(shí)態(tài)可以推出。
③ (2008 全國卷II)
If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games… 76. ______
簡(jiǎn)析]chose→chosen。此處表示“ 被選擇”。
2) 非謂語動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)
主要設(shè)置下列錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混用;非謂語動(dòng)詞各種形式混用;不定式多用to 與少用to。同學(xué)們應(yīng)明確不作謂語的動(dòng)詞必須用非謂語形式,而究竟使用何種非謂語形式由非謂語成分而定。當(dāng)然,同學(xué)們還必須牢記不定式不能接to 的場(chǎng)合,以增強(qiáng)識(shí)別意識(shí)。
A. 謂語與非謂語形式混用
例1 :(2008 重慶卷)
And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of … 82. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]think→thinking。be worth 后面應(yīng)接v-ing形式。
例2 :(2008 遼寧卷)
We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people we were familiar with. 81. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]remember→remembering。此處為狀語,謂語形式remember 應(yīng)改為非謂語形式。
B. 非謂語各種形式混用
例1 :The story about Growth is my favourite American TV play because it is very interested. (2008重慶卷) 76. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]interested→interesting。此處表示“ 有趣的;令人感興趣的( 電視劇)”。
例2 :(2008 福建卷)
I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to Beijing for the Olympics. 76. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]exciting→excited。此處不表示“ 令人興奮的”,而表示“ 感到興奮的”。 C. 不定式用to 與不用to
例1 :(2008 陜西卷)
Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. 82. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]wanted 后加to。want 后面接不定式作賓語時(shí)應(yīng)帶to。
例2 :(2008 重慶卷)We’d better not to miss the chance... 85. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]去掉to。had better 或’d better 后應(yīng)接不帶to 的不定式。
4. “ 平行結(jié)構(gòu)” 類錯(cuò)誤
① (2004 全國卷II)
I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some…
78. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]visit→visiting。并列連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞make 和visit 都作介詞of 的賓語,故visit 應(yīng)變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞形式。
② (2004 天津卷)
At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool 81. ______ or go for a picnic.
[簡(jiǎn)析]swimming→swim。并列連詞or 前后應(yīng)為相同的成分。
5. 連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
在高考短文改錯(cuò)中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)大量的并列句和復(fù)合句?键c(diǎn)主要涉及并列連詞(but, and, so, or等) 和各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法及具體含義。這就要求同學(xué)們弄清句子之間的關(guān)系。有些詞既可作連詞,又可作介詞( 如since, for 等) ;還有一些詞( 如during, yet 等) 很容易被誤認(rèn)為連詞,而實(shí)際上它們卻是介詞或副詞。同時(shí),還要注意一些固定連詞詞組, 如either ... or…, neither ... nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 等,注意其中的搭配關(guān)系。如:
① (2008 全國卷I)
...there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.
81. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]or→and。句意:在那里待了半個(gè)月,參觀名勝古跡,同時(shí)還練習(xí)英語。as well 為提示標(biāo)志。
② (2008 天津卷)
I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very well.
析: 逗號(hào)后加but。兩個(gè)并列句之間缺少并列連詞。
③ (2004 全國卷II)
You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert costs so much. I may just listen to music. 82. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]So→But。句意:你可以欣賞音樂,見到你喜歡的明星。但是音樂會(huì)的票價(jià)太高。由此可判斷這里應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣。
④ (2008 安徽卷)
My friend could read some German, but I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]and→so。此處表示“ 所以”。
⑤ (2004 湖南卷) The teacher wasn’t looking at me, but I copied something ... 82. _____
[簡(jiǎn)析]but→so。句意:老師沒有注意我,所以我趁機(jī)抄襲了一點(diǎn)兒。因此這里表示因果關(guān)系。
6. 形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
通常是對(duì)名詞與形容詞之間、形容詞與副詞之間轉(zhuǎn)換的考查。同時(shí),還應(yīng)明確形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu),以及比較對(duì)象的一致性等。如:
① (2004 全國卷IV)
... trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 82. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]person→personal。句意:不懷好意地試圖竊取個(gè)人信息。由此可判斷在名詞information 前需用形容詞作定語。
② (2008 浙江卷)
I headed for the company, feeling sure I would easy finish 300 envelopes in five hours and earn the money. 82. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]easy→easily。finish 為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用副詞修飾。
③ (2008 陜西卷)
Then John read some reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one!
[簡(jiǎn)析]terribly→terrible。one 為名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞修飾。
7. 介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
主要設(shè)置多用、少用與誤用介詞錯(cuò)誤和介詞賓語表現(xiàn)形式錯(cuò)誤。熟悉重要介詞的含義與搭配是發(fā)現(xiàn)與改正多用、少用、誤用介詞錯(cuò)誤的主要方法。另外,同學(xué)們應(yīng)牢記介詞后接人稱代詞時(shí)只能用賓格形式、接非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用v-ing 形式。
A. 多用、少用、誤用介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
例1 : (2008 全國卷Ⅱ )
I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. 78. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]about→with/to。表示“ 和某人談話” 應(yīng)用短語“talk with/to sb.”。
例2 :(2004 全國卷III)
... and we’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. 84. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]with→about。talk about sb./sth. 表示“ 談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈隆薄?/p>
例3 :(2004 福建卷)
We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about ... 79. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]on→in。表示“ 在( 想法、興趣等) 方面相同” 應(yīng)用have…in common。__B. 介詞賓語表現(xiàn)形式錯(cuò)誤
例1 :(2008 全國卷I)
I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 83. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析] talk→talking。of 為介詞,后面應(yīng)接v-ing形式作賓語。
例2 :(2008 浙江卷)
Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we all. 85. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]we→us。for 為介詞,后面應(yīng)接賓格人稱代詞。
8. 冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
主要設(shè)置下列錯(cuò)誤:表示“ 一……” 時(shí)不用a/ an,在不可數(shù)名詞前卻用不定冠詞a/an ;表示特指時(shí)不用定冠詞the,不表示特指時(shí)卻用the,尤其在某些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中隨便使用冠詞the ;不定冠詞a 與an 混用,元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用a,輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an。解題時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)語境邏輯判斷相關(guān)名詞表示特指還是泛指,如表示特指用the ;表示泛指且有“ 一……” 之意,元音發(fā)音的單詞前用an,輔音發(fā)音的單詞前用a。如:
① (2008 全國卷II)
Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 79. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]history 前加the。此處特指奧運(yùn)會(huì)的歷史。
② (2008 天津卷)
One day, the school held party… 58. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析]party 前加a。party 為可數(shù)名詞,且此處表示“ 一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)”,因此前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。
③ (2008 遼寧卷)
It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us. 79. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析] 去掉the。get in touch with 為固定搭配,表示“ 與……聯(lián)系”。
9. 句型方面的錯(cuò)誤
主要考查there be,it be ... since 以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句等句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
① (2004 天津卷)
It has been five years when we graduated ... 85. ______
[簡(jiǎn)析] when→since。此題考查it is/ has been ...since 句型。
② (2004 廣東卷)
... once said:“It is us who are to blame for 82. _____ the poverty because we used to‘produce’children without limit.”
[簡(jiǎn)析]us→we。此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語。
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