第11講

一、Language points

1.  lean  against/on/upon+n.

         n.+against/on/upon+n.

         back后仰

         forward俯身向前

         to the left向左側(cè)身

         to/toward…：傾向…，向…傾斜

2.  match +n. +to/with +n.：使…（和…）調(diào)和，相配

    match +n. +against/with +n.：使…（和…）交手，使…比賽

3.  be sure  of/about +n./pron.：對(duì)…有把握，確信…

            that-clause：確信

            wh-clause：能確定…，知道…

sb be sure to do：一定會(huì)…的，必定…

sb be certain to do

It is certain that-clause

that-clause

make sure+  of sth/doing sth：確信，對(duì)…有把握

           to do sth：一定要做…

4.  expect+  sb/sth：期待，預(yù)料

            to do sth：期望做某事

            n+ to do：期望…做…

               to be done：期待…被…

            that-clause

   …+ than/as+  clause

                (it is) expected

     You arrived earlier than  I had expected.

                          expected.

5.         appear: 不能接as if, 強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人某種印象，有時(shí)含有實(shí)際并非如此。

   看起來  seem：可跟as if, 暗示判斷有一定的根據(jù)，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)。

           look：可接like/as if，強(qiáng)調(diào)視覺印象，后面跟形容詞

6.  engage sb to sb：使某人與某人訂婚

get engaged to sb：與某人訂婚(動(dòng)作)

be engaged to sb：與某人訂婚(狀態(tài))

be engaged in (doing) sth：忙于/從事某事

7.  It is no good/use +doing sth

There is/seems no point in doing sth

There is no need to do sth

8.  use up=run out of   用完

    give out=run out    耗盡

9.  rather than：而不是

other than=except

or rather：更確切地說

10.  get through：做完，辦完，看完；通過；接通；度過；用完

     go through：經(jīng)歷(痛苦、困難)，翻閱，參觀，查看

     look through：瀏覽

     see through：看穿，看透

     break through：突圍

     put through：把電話接通，使成交，完成

     pull through：(使)恢復(fù)健康，(使)度過難關(guān)

11.  be present at…：出席

present adj.：做后置定語：All the people present are students.

present sth to sb     向某人頒發(fā)…，把…贈(zèng)送給…

present sb with sth

for the present：暫時(shí)

up to the present：直到現(xiàn)在

at present：目前

present n.：禮物

12.  be known as/for/to/in

under debate

would like to do

feel like doing

13.     adapt to：適合

  to    relate to：與…有關(guān)

  為   get down to：開始做，著手

  介   stick to：堅(jiān)持

  詞   pay attention to：注意

       look forward to：期望

       addict oneself to：使自己沉溺于…

       be addicted to：沉溺于…

       devote…to…：致力于

二、語法專題──名詞性從句的解題思路

1. 通讀全句，首先考慮是不是某種句型。

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2. 題干若是疑問句，首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語序。

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3. 觀察設(shè)空的前前后后，確定相關(guān)從句的性質(zhì)。

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4. 確定從句性質(zhì)后回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn)，從而作出取舍。

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5. 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和并列連詞(and, but)的作用。

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6. 將選項(xiàng)代入句子，看前后是否語意貫通。

靈活掌握名詞、動(dòng)詞在句子中的應(yīng)用。①結(jié)合語境及名詞、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析選出最佳答案：詞義辨析主要集中在實(shí)詞，即名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。設(shè)題通常以同義詞、反義詞或易混詞的形式出現(xiàn)。這就要求我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文語境確定答案，將意義相反或相差較大的選項(xiàng)剔除掉，選擇使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語法正確、語意符合邏輯的最佳答案。②夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，牢記含有名詞、動(dòng)詞的短語或固定搭配：對(duì)含義清晰的名詞、動(dòng)詞短語或固定搭配，可以邊讀邊猜測(cè)答案，遇到有能和空白前后構(gòu)成固定搭配的選項(xiàng)，只要符合文意則可以不考慮其他選項(xiàng)，因此我們平時(shí)要注重短語或固定搭配的積累。

例1： “Only a miracle(奇跡) can save him now”, the little girl went to her bedroom and took out her piggy bank. She  emptied  all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she       her way six blocks to the local drugstore.

         “And what do you want?” asked the chemist.

A. followed         B. made               C. felt                  D. found

[分析]考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。語境為小女孩聽到父母談?wù)撍牡艿懿〉煤軈柡Γ依镆褯]有剩下多少錢，只有奇跡能救他，于是她倒空自己的儲(chǔ)錢罐。再結(jié)合下文問話“And what do you want? Asked the chemist.”可知她“去了”藥店。Followed one’s way “跟著別人走”；made one’s way “朝…走去”；felt one’s way “摸索前進(jìn)”；found one’s way “發(fā)現(xiàn)途徑”，結(jié)合題意此處應(yīng)選B。

例2：“Stop that man!” Vernon shouted. “He has a bomb!” Everywhere, passengers were____ their feet and screaming.

A. running over   B. jumping over  C. running to       D. jumping to

[分析]考查結(jié)合語境選擇動(dòng)詞短語的能力。上文提到，有人攜帶炸彈，聽到這種情況人們的反應(yīng)應(yīng)為驚跳起來尖叫著。故選答案D。

例3：Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you you, be, and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow yourself to____ your life happen.

A. leave               B. cause               C. make               D. get

[分析]考查動(dòng)詞短語習(xí)慣搭配。make sb do sth “讓某人做某事”，其余各項(xiàng)不符合表達(dá)習(xí)慣，不可用省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

例4：I began to feel  self-conscious . A voice said to me “Why can’t you look like her?” “____ you’re so fat?” Although I wasn’t fat…

A. When              B. Because          C. If only             D. How come

[分析]考查習(xí)慣搭配。How come…?意為“何以會(huì)…，為什么”。全文語境為：作者所處的班級(jí)的學(xué)生都比較有錢，尤其是在穿著方面更是挑剔，更注意自己的身材，唯恐發(fā)胖。因此作者考慮到別人的情況感到不自在，盡管自己不算胖。此處意為：“你為什么看起來不能像她那樣？”“你為什么會(huì)這么胖呢？”

 

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