2009年高考數(shù)學(xué)難點突破專題輔導(dǎo)三十一

難點31  數(shù)學(xué)歸納法解題

數(shù)學(xué)歸納法是高考考查的重點內(nèi)容之一.類比與猜想是應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法所體現(xiàn)的比較突出的思想,抽象與概括,從特殊到一般是應(yīng)用的一種主要思想方法.

●難點磁場

(★★★★)是否存在a、b、c使得等式1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(an2+bn+c).

●案例探究

[例1]試證明:不論正數(shù)a、bc是等差數(shù)列還是等比數(shù)列,當(dāng)n>1,nN*a、b、c互不相等時,均有:an+cn>2bn.

命題意圖:本題主要考查數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明不等式,屬★★★★級題目.

知識依托:等差數(shù)列、等比數(shù)列的性質(zhì)及數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明不等式的一般步驟.

錯解分析:應(yīng)分別證明不等式對等比數(shù)列或等差數(shù)列均成立,不應(yīng)只證明一種情況.

技巧與方法:本題中使用到結(jié)論:(akck)(ac)>0恒成立(a、b、c為正數(shù)),從而ak+1+ck+1ak?c+ck?a.

證明:(1)設(shè)a、b、c為等比數(shù)列,a=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,c=bq(q>0且q≠1)

an+cn=6ec8aac122bd4f6e+bnqn=bn(6ec8aac122bd4f6e+qn)>2bn

(2)設(shè)a、b、c為等差數(shù)列,則2b=a+c猜想6ec8aac122bd4f6e>(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)n(n≥2且nN*)

下面用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:

①當(dāng)n=2時,由2(a2+c2)>(a+c)2,∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e

②設(shè)n=k時成立,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

則當(dāng)n=k+1時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e (ak+1+ck+1+ak+1+ck+1)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(ak+1+ck+1+ak?c+ck?a)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(ak+ck)(a+c)

>(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)k?(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)=(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)k+1

[例2]在數(shù)列{an}中,a1=1,當(dāng)n≥2時,an,Sn,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e成等比數(shù)列.

(1)求a2,a3,a4,并推出an的表達(dá)式;

(2)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明所得的結(jié)論;

(3)求數(shù)列{an}所有項的和.

命題意圖:本題考查了數(shù)列、數(shù)學(xué)歸納法、數(shù)列極限等基礎(chǔ)知識.

知識依托:等比數(shù)列的性質(zhì)及數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的一般步驟.采用的方法是歸納、猜想、證明.

錯解分析:(2)中,Sk=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e應(yīng)舍去,這一點往往容易被忽視.

技巧與方法:求通項可證明{6ec8aac122bd4f6e}是以{6ec8aac122bd4f6e}為首項,6ec8aac122bd4f6e為公差的等差數(shù)列,進而求得通項公式.

解:∵an,Sn,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e成等比數(shù)列,∴Sn2=an?(Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e)(n≥2)                       (*)

(1)由a1=1,S2=a1+a2=1+a2,代入(*)式得:a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e

a1=1,a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,S3=6ec8aac122bd4f6e+a3代入(*)式得:a3=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e

同理可得:a4=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,由此可推出:an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(2)①當(dāng)n=1,2,3,4時,由(*)知猜想成立.

②假設(shè)n=k(k≥2)時,ak=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e成立

Sk2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e?(Sk6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

∴(2k-3)(2k-1)Sk2+2Sk-1=0

Sk=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (舍)

Sk+12=ak+1?(Sk+16ec8aac122bd4f6e),得(Sk+ak+1)2=ak+1(ak+1+Sk6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

由①②知,an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e對一切nN成立.

(3)由(2)得數(shù)列前n項和Sn=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴S=6ec8aac122bd4f6eSn=0.

●錦囊妙記

(1)數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的基本形式

設(shè)P(n)是關(guān)于自然數(shù)n的命題,若

P(n0)成立(奠基)

2°假設(shè)P(k)成立(kn0),可以推出P(k+1)成立(歸納),則P(n)對一切大于等于n0的自然數(shù)n都成立.

(2)數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的應(yīng)用

具體常用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:恒等式,不等式,數(shù)的整除性,幾何中計算問題,數(shù)列的通項與和等.

●殲滅難點訓(xùn)練

一、選擇題

1.(★★★★★)已知f(n)=(2n+7)?3n+9,存在自然數(shù)m,使得對任意nN,都能使m整除f(n),則最大的m的值為(    )

試題詳情

A.30                                   B.26                            C.36                                   D.6

試題詳情

2.(★★★★)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明3kn3(n≥3,nN)第一步應(yīng)驗證(    )

A.n=1                          B.n=2                   C.n=3                          D.n=4

試題詳情

二、填空題

3.(★★★★★)觀察下列式子:6ec8aac122bd4f6e…則可歸納出_________.

試題詳情

4.(★★★★)已知a1=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,an+1=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,則a2,a3,a4,a5的值分別為_________,由此猜想an=_________.

試題詳情

三、解答題

5.(★★★★)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明46ec8aac122bd4f6e+3n+2能被13整除,其中nN*.

試題詳情

6.(★★★★)若n為大于1的自然數(shù),求證:6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

試題詳情

7.(★★★★★)已知數(shù)列{bn}是等差數(shù)列,b1=1,b1+b2+…+b10=145.

(1)求數(shù)列{bn}的通項公式bn;

試題詳情

(2)設(shè)數(shù)列{an}的通項an=loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)(其中a>0且a≠1)記Sn是數(shù)列{an}的前n項和,試比較Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1的大小,并證明你的結(jié)論.

試題詳情

8.(★★★★★)設(shè)實數(shù)q滿足|q|<1,數(shù)列{an}滿足:a1=2,a2≠0,an?an+1=-qn,求an表達(dá)式,又如果6ec8aac122bd4f6eS2n<3,求q的取值范圍.

 

試題詳情

難點磁場

解:假設(shè)存在ab、c使題設(shè)的等式成立,這時令n=1,2,3,有6ec8aac122bd4f6e

于是,對n=1,2,3下面等式成立

1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

Sn=1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2

設(shè)n=k時上式成立,即Sk=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (3k2+11k+10)

那么Sk+1=Sk+(k+1)(k+2)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(k+2)(3k+5)+(k+1)(k+2)2

=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (3k2+5k+12k+24)

=6ec8aac122bd4f6e[3(k+1)2+11(k+1)+10]

也就是說,等式對n=k+1也成立.

綜上所述,當(dāng)a=3,b=11,c=10時,題設(shè)對一切自然數(shù)n均成立.

殲滅難點訓(xùn)練

一、1.解析:∵f(1)=36,f(2)=108=3×36,f(3)=360=10×36

f(1),f(2),f(3)能被36整除,猜想f(n)能被36整除.

證明:n=1,2時,由上得證,設(shè)n=k(k≥2)時,

f(k)=(2k+7)?3k+9能被36整除,則n=k+1時,

f(k+1)-f(k)=(2k+9)?3k+1?-(2k+7)?3k

=(6k+27)?3k-(2k+7)?3k

=(4k+20)?3k=36(k+5)?3k2?(k≥2)

6ec8aac122bd4f6ef(k+1)能被36整除

f(1)不能被大于36的數(shù)整除,∴所求最大的m值等于36.

答案:C

2.解析:由題意知n≥3,∴應(yīng)驗證n=3.

答案:C

二、3.解析:6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(nN*)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(nN*)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e、6ec8aac122bd4f6e、6ec8aac122bd4f6e、6ec8aac122bd4f6e  6ec8aac122bd4f6e

三、5.證明:(1)當(dāng)n=1時,42×1+1+31+2=91能被13整除

(2)假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時,42k+1+3k+2能被13整除,則當(dāng)n=k+1時,

42(k+1)+1+3k+3=42k+1?42+3k+2?3-42k+1?3+42k+1?3

=42k+1?13+3?(42k+1+3k+2?)

∵42k+1?13能被13整除,42k+1+3k+2能被13整除

∴當(dāng)n=k+1時也成立.

由①②知,當(dāng)nN*時,42n+1+3n+2能被13整除.

6.證明:(1)當(dāng)n=2時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(2)假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時成立,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

7.(1)解:設(shè)數(shù)列{bn}的公差為d,由題意得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴bn=3n-2

(2)證明:由bn=3n-2知

Sn=loga(1+1)+loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)+…+loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

=loga[(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+ 6ec8aac122bd4f6e)]

6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1=loga6ec8aac122bd4f6e,于是,比較Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?的大小6ec8aac122bd4f6e比較(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)與6ec8aac122bd4f6e的大小.

n=1,有(1+1)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

n=2,有(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e

推測:(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)>6ec8aac122bd4f6e (*)

①當(dāng)n=1時,已驗證(*)式成立.

②假設(shè)n=k(k≥1)時(*)式成立,即(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)>6ec8aac122bd4f6e

則當(dāng)n=k+1時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即當(dāng)n=k+1時,(*)式成立

由①②知,(*)式對任意正整數(shù)n都成立.

于是,當(dāng)a>1時,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?,當(dāng) 0<a<1時,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?

8.解:∵a1?a2=-q,a1=2,a2≠0,

q≠0,a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,

an?an+1=-qn,an+1?an+2=-qn+1?

兩式相除,得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即an+2=q?an

于是,a1=2,a3=2?q,a5=2?qn…猜想:a2n+1=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqn(n=1,2,3,…)

綜合①②,猜想通項公式為an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

下證:(1)當(dāng)n=1,2時猜想成立

(2)設(shè)n=2k-1時,a2k1=2?qk1n=2k+1時,由于a2k+1=q?a2k1?

a2k+1=2?qkn=2k-1成立.

可推知n=2k+1也成立.

設(shè)n=2k時,a2k=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqk,則n=2k+2時,由于a2k+2=q?a2k?,

所以a2k+2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqk+1,這說明n=2k成立,可推知n=2k+2也成立.

綜上所述,對一切自然數(shù)n,猜想都成立.

這樣所求通項公式為an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

S2n=(a1+a3…+a2n1)+(a2+a4+…+a2n)

=2(1+q+q2+…+qn-1?)-6ec8aac122bd4f6e (q+q2+…+qn)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

由于|q|<1,∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

依題意知6ec8aac122bd4f6e<3,并注意1-q>0,|q|<1解得-1<q<0或0<q6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

 

難點31  數(shù)學(xué)歸納法解題

數(shù)學(xué)歸納法是高考考查的重點內(nèi)容之一.類比與猜想是應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法所體現(xiàn)的比較突出的思想,抽象與概括,從特殊到一般是應(yīng)用的一種主要思想方法.

●難點磁場

(★★★★)是否存在a、bc使得等式1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(an2+bn+c).

●案例探究

[例1]試證明:不論正數(shù)a、bc是等差數(shù)列還是等比數(shù)列,當(dāng)n>1,nN*a、bc互不相等時,均有:an+cn>2bn.

命題意圖:本題主要考查數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明不等式,屬★★★★級題目.

知識依托:等差數(shù)列、等比數(shù)列的性質(zhì)及數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明不等式的一般步驟.

錯解分析:應(yīng)分別證明不等式對等比數(shù)列或等差數(shù)列均成立,不應(yīng)只證明一種情況.

技巧與方法:本題中使用到結(jié)論:(akck)(ac)>0恒成立(a、b、c為正數(shù)),從而ak+1+ck+1ak?c+ck?a.

證明:(1)設(shè)a、b、c為等比數(shù)列,a=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,c=bq(q>0且q≠1)

an+cn=6ec8aac122bd4f6e+bnqn=bn(6ec8aac122bd4f6e+qn)>2bn

(2)設(shè)ab、c為等差數(shù)列,則2b=a+c猜想6ec8aac122bd4f6e>(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)n(n≥2且nN*)

下面用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:

①當(dāng)n=2時,由2(a2+c2)>(a+c)2,∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e

②設(shè)n=k時成立,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

則當(dāng)n=k+1時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e (ak+1+ck+1+ak+1+ck+1)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(ak+1+ck+1+ak?c+ck?a)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(ak+ck)(a+c)

>(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)k?(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)=(6ec8aac122bd4f6e)k+1

[例2]在數(shù)列{an}中,a1=1,當(dāng)n≥2時,an,Sn,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e成等比數(shù)列.

(1)求a2,a3,a4,并推出an的表達(dá)式;

(2)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明所得的結(jié)論;

(3)求數(shù)列{an}所有項的和.

命題意圖:本題考查了數(shù)列、數(shù)學(xué)歸納法、數(shù)列極限等基礎(chǔ)知識.

知識依托:等比數(shù)列的性質(zhì)及數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的一般步驟.采用的方法是歸納、猜想、證明.

錯解分析:(2)中,Sk=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e應(yīng)舍去,這一點往往容易被忽視.

技巧與方法:求通項可證明{6ec8aac122bd4f6e}是以{6ec8aac122bd4f6e}為首項,6ec8aac122bd4f6e為公差的等差數(shù)列,進而求得通項公式.

解:∵an,Sn,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e成等比數(shù)列,∴Sn2=an?(Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6e)(n≥2)                       (*)

(1)由a1=1,S2=a1+a2=1+a2,代入(*)式得:a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e

a1=1,a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,S3=6ec8aac122bd4f6e+a3代入(*)式得:a3=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e

同理可得:a4=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,由此可推出:an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(2)①當(dāng)n=1,2,3,4時,由(*)知猜想成立.

②假設(shè)n=k(k≥2)時,ak=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e成立

Sk2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e?(Sk6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

∴(2k-3)(2k-1)Sk2+2Sk-1=0

Sk=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (舍)

Sk+12=ak+1?(Sk+16ec8aac122bd4f6e),得(Sk+ak+1)2=ak+1(ak+1+Sk6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

由①②知,an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e對一切nN成立.

(3)由(2)得數(shù)列前n項和Sn=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴S=6ec8aac122bd4f6eSn=0.

●錦囊妙記

(1)數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的基本形式

設(shè)P(n)是關(guān)于自然數(shù)n的命題,若

P(n0)成立(奠基)

2°假設(shè)P(k)成立(kn0),可以推出P(k+1)成立(歸納),則P(n)對一切大于等于n0的自然數(shù)n都成立.

(2)數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的應(yīng)用

具體常用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:恒等式,不等式,數(shù)的整除性,幾何中計算問題,數(shù)列的通項與和等.

●殲滅難點訓(xùn)練

一、選擇題

1.(★★★★★)已知f(n)=(2n+7)?3n+9,存在自然數(shù)m,使得對任意nN,都能使m整除f(n),則最大的m的值為(    )

A.30                                   B.26                            C.36                                   D.6

2.(★★★★)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明3kn3(n≥3,nN)第一步應(yīng)驗證(    )

A.n=1                          B.n=2                   C.n=3                          D.n=4

二、填空題

3.(★★★★★)觀察下列式子:6ec8aac122bd4f6e…則可歸納出_________.

4.(★★★★)已知a1=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,an+1=6ec8aac122bd4f6e,則a2,a3,a4,a5的值分別為_________,由此猜想an=_________.

三、解答題

5.(★★★★)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明46ec8aac122bd4f6e+3n+2能被13整除,其中nN*.

6.(★★★★)若n為大于1的自然數(shù),求證:6ec8aac122bd4f6e.

7.(★★★★★)已知數(shù)列{bn}是等差數(shù)列,b1=1,b1+b2+…+b10=145.

(1)求數(shù)列{bn}的通項公式bn;

(2)設(shè)數(shù)列{an}的通項an=loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)(其中a>0且a≠1)記Sn是數(shù)列{an}的前n項和,試比較Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1的大小,并證明你的結(jié)論.

8.(★★★★★)設(shè)實數(shù)q滿足|q|<1,數(shù)列{an}滿足:a1=2,a2≠0,an?an+1=-qn,求an表達(dá)式,又如果6ec8aac122bd4f6eS2n<3,求q的取值范圍.

 

參考答案

難點磁場

解:假設(shè)存在a、bc使題設(shè)的等式成立,這時令n=1,2,3,有6ec8aac122bd4f6e

于是,對n=1,2,3下面等式成立

1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

Sn=1?22+2?32+…+n(n+1)2

設(shè)n=k時上式成立,即Sk=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (3k2+11k+10)

那么Sk+1=Sk+(k+1)(k+2)2=6ec8aac122bd4f6e(k+2)(3k+5)+(k+1)(k+2)2

=6ec8aac122bd4f6e (3k2+5k+12k+24)

=6ec8aac122bd4f6e[3(k+1)2+11(k+1)+10]

也就是說,等式對n=k+1也成立.

綜上所述,當(dāng)a=3,b=11,c=10時,題設(shè)對一切自然數(shù)n均成立.

殲滅難點訓(xùn)練

一、1.解析:∵f(1)=36,f(2)=108=3×36,f(3)=360=10×36

f(1),f(2),f(3)能被36整除,猜想f(n)能被36整除.

證明:n=1,2時,由上得證,設(shè)n=k(k≥2)時,

f(k)=(2k+7)?3k+9能被36整除,則n=k+1時,

f(k+1)-f(k)=(2k+9)?3k+1?-(2k+7)?3k

=(6k+27)?3k-(2k+7)?3k

=(4k+20)?3k=36(k+5)?3k2?(k≥2)

6ec8aac122bd4f6ef(k+1)能被36整除

f(1)不能被大于36的數(shù)整除,∴所求最大的m值等于36.

答案:C

2.解析:由題意知n≥3,∴應(yīng)驗證n=3.

答案:C

二、3.解析:6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(nN*)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e(nN*)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e、6ec8aac122bd4f6e6ec8aac122bd4f6e  6ec8aac122bd4f6e

三、5.證明:(1)當(dāng)n=1時,42×1+1+31+2=91能被13整除

(2)假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時,42k+1+3k+2能被13整除,則當(dāng)n=k+1時,

42(k+1)+1+3k+3=42k+1?42+3k+2?3-42k+1?3+42k+1?3

=42k+1?13+3?(42k+1+3k+2?)

∵42k+1?13能被13整除,42k+1+3k+2能被13整除

∴當(dāng)n=k+1時也成立.

由①②知,當(dāng)nN*時,42n+1+3n+2能被13整除.

6.證明:(1)當(dāng)n=2時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

(2)假設(shè)當(dāng)n=k時成立,即6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

7.(1)解:設(shè)數(shù)列{bn}的公差為d,由題意得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,∴bn=3n-2

(2)證明:由bn=3n-2知

Sn=loga(1+1)+loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)+…+loga(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)

=loga[(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+ 6ec8aac122bd4f6e)]

6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1=loga6ec8aac122bd4f6e,于是,比較Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?的大小6ec8aac122bd4f6e比較(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)與6ec8aac122bd4f6e的大小.

n=1,有(1+1)=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

n=2,有(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e

推測:(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)>6ec8aac122bd4f6e (*)

①當(dāng)n=1時,已驗證(*)式成立.

②假設(shè)n=k(k≥1)時(*)式成立,即(1+1)(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)…(1+6ec8aac122bd4f6e)>6ec8aac122bd4f6e

則當(dāng)n=k+1時,6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即當(dāng)n=k+1時,(*)式成立

由①②知,(*)式對任意正整數(shù)n都成立.

于是,當(dāng)a>1時,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?,當(dāng) 0<a<1時,Sn6ec8aac122bd4f6elogabn+1?

8.解:∵a1?a2=-q,a1=2,a2≠0,

q≠0,a2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6e,

an?an+1=-qn,an+1?an+2=-qn+1?

兩式相除,得6ec8aac122bd4f6e,即an+2=q?an

于是,a1=2,a3=2?q,a5=2?qn…猜想:a2n+1=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqn(n=1,2,3,…)

綜合①②,猜想通項公式為an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

下證:(1)當(dāng)n=1,2時猜想成立

(2)設(shè)n=2k-1時,a2k1=2?qk1n=2k+1時,由于a2k+1=q?a2k1?

a2k+1=2?qkn=2k-1成立.

可推知n=2k+1也成立.

設(shè)n=2k時,a2k=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqk,則n=2k+2時,由于a2k+2=q?a2k?,

所以a2k+2=-6ec8aac122bd4f6eqk+1,這說明n=2k成立,可推知n=2k+2也成立.

綜上所述,對一切自然數(shù)n,猜想都成立.

這樣所求通項公式為an=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

S2n=(a1+a3…+a2n1)+(a2+a4+…+a2n)

=2(1+q+q2+…+qn-1?)-6ec8aac122bd4f6e (q+q2+…+qn)

6ec8aac122bd4f6e

由于|q|<1,∴6ec8aac122bd4f6e=6ec8aac122bd4f6e

依題意知6ec8aac122bd4f6e<3,并注意1-q>0,|q|<1解得-1<q<0或0<q6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

 

 


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