Vending machines （投幣式自動售貨機） are found in 16% of U.S.elementary schools, 52% of middle schools and 88% of high schools.About 22% of students in grades 1 through 12 buy food in vending machines each day—and those purchases added an average of 253 calories to their diets, according to a new study in the September issue of the Journal of School Health.
Just to be clear, those were not 253 calories' worth of tofu, yogurt or carrot.The most popular vending machine items included soft drinks, candy, chips, crackers, cookies, cakes and ice cream.On the plus side （好的方面）, kids also bought low-fat milk, fruit juice and even fruit, the study found.
But the eventual effect on kids' diets was not good.Those who bought from vending machines ate an average of 156 grams of sugar per day, compared with 146 grams for those who abstained （節(jié)制）.They also consumed less fiber, iron and vitamin B.
One silver lining: Vending machine customers ate 4% less sodium （鈉） than other students--an average of 3,287 milligrams per day compared with 3,436 mg for those who didn't buy from vending machines.That's probably because the extra snacks made kids too full to eat as much at mealtimes, when dishes are especially Salty.In any event, kids should eat no more than 1,200 to 1,500 mg of sodium each day, according to the Mayo Clinic.Even for adults, the government recommends a daily limit of 2,300 mg.
Overall, vending machines in school appear to be a threat to children's health.The researchers calculated that all that snacking adds up to about14 extra pounds per child per school year.For some students this might be a serious contributor to weight issues.The study was based on data collected from 2,309 children nationwide for the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, which was
conducted by the U.S.Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service.

1. 1.

   The students using vending machines take in less of all the following EXCEPT .

   1. A.
      sugar
   2. B.
      fiber
   3. C.
      vitamin
   4. D.
      iron
2. 2.

   The underlined words “One silver lining” mean “      ”.

   1. A.
      a discouraging condition at present
   2. B.
      a bright side of a difficult situation
   3. C.
      an urgent warning from health experts
   4. D.
      an increasing concern from the public
3. 3.

   Why do kids buying food from vending machines take less salt probably?

   1. A.
      They prefer less salty food.
   2. B.
      They have formed healthy eating habits.
   3. C.
      They eat less food at mealtimes.
   4. D.
      They take less junk food as snacks.
4. 4.

   What's the purpose of the text?

   1. A.
      To teach children a balanced diet.
   2. B.
      To introduce the finding of a new study.
   3. C.
      To remind parents of children's health.
   4. D.
      To tell the history of vending machines.

Homemade Ice Cream in a Bag
Difficulty: Very Easy
Average User Rating:★★★★☆(4.3/5)
Milk can become homemade ice cream in five minutes by using a bag! This homemade, creamy treat is a summertime delight for your kids and you alike.
What you’ll need:
1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk; 1/4 teaspoon of vanilla (香草香精); 6 tablespoons of rock salt; 1 small-sized plastic food storage bag; 1 gallon-sized plastic food storage bag; ice cubes.
How to make it:
l Fill the large bag half full of ice, and add the rock salt. Seal the bag.
l Put milk, vanilla, and sugar into the small bag, and seal it.
l Place the small bag inside the large one, and seal it again carefully.
l Shake until the mixture turns into ice cream, which takes about five minutes.
l Wipe the top of the small bag, and then open it carefully. Enjoy!
Tips:
1/2 cup of milk will make about one spoon of ice cream, so double the recipe if you want more. But don’t increase the amount more than that—a large amount might be too big for kids to pick up because the ice itself is heavy.
Here is another version of the homemade ice cream recipe from another parent!
These are the homemade ice cream ingredients:
1/4 teaspoon of vanilla butter and nuts; 1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk.
These are the other supplies:
Plastic sandwich bag; 12 salt pellets; 1 dish of ice; large plastic bag.
Put the ice cream ingredients in the small bag, and then put the bag, salt and ice in the big bag. Hold the bag shut and move it around on the floor for about 5 minutes.
When I made ice cream at home last time, although the salt pellets didn’t really dissolve (溶解) that well, I still got ice cream. It was not smooth ice cream, probably because of the low-fat milk. It was incredible that it could be ready in 5 minutes (not counting preparing the ingredients)
Next, I changed the recipe, using a tablespoon of cocoa, a tablespoon of sugar, and a cup of milk. It was a bit too chocolaty, but good!
【小題1】The underlined “that” in “Tips” section refers to ____.

Homemade Ice Cream in a Bag

Difficulty: Very Easy

Average User Rating:★★★★☆(4.3/5)

Milk can become homemade ice cream in five minutes by using a bag! This homemade, creamy treat is a summertime delight for your kids and you alike.

What you’ll need:

1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk; 1/4 teaspoon of vanilla (香草香精); 6 tablespoons of rock salt; 1 small-sized plastic food storage bag; 1 gallon-sized plastic food storage bag; ice cubes.

How to make it:

l Fill the large bag half full of ice, and add the rock salt. Seal the bag.

l Put milk, vanilla, and sugar into the small bag, and seal it.

l Place the small bag inside the large one, and seal it again carefully.

l Shake until the mixture turns into ice cream, which takes about five minutes.

l Wipe the top of the small bag, and then open it carefully. Enjoy!

Tips:

1/2 cup of milk will make about one spoon of ice cream, so double the recipe if you want more. But don’t increase the amount more than that—a large amount might be too big for kids to pick up because the ice itself is heavy.

Here is another version of the homemade ice cream recipe from another parent!

These are the homemade ice cream ingredients:

1/4 teaspoon of vanilla butter and nuts; 1 tablespoon of sugar; 1/2 cup of milk.

These are the other supplies:

Plastic sandwich bag; 12 salt pellets; 1 dish of ice; large plastic bag.

Put the ice cream ingredients in the small bag, and then put the bag, salt and ice in the big bag. Hold the bag shut and move it around on the floor for about 5 minutes.

When I made ice cream at home last time, although the salt pellets didn’t really dissolve (溶解) that well, I still got ice cream. It was not smooth ice cream, probably because of the low-fat milk. It was incredible that it could be ready in 5 minutes (not counting preparing the ingredients)

Next, I changed the recipe, using a tablespoon of cocoa, a tablespoon of sugar, and a cup of milk. It was a bit too chocolaty, but good!

1.The underlined “that” in “Tips” section refers to ____.

A．1/2 cup of milk                         B．1 cup of milk

C．1 spoon of ice cream                     D．2 spoons of ice cream

2.Which of the following things is NOT included in both recipes?

A．Sugar            B．Ice               C．Plastic bag         D．Nuts

3.Which of the following statements about the second parent is TRUE?

A．He/ She doesn’t agree with the first parent.

B．He/ She doesn’t think five minutes is enough

C．He/ She doesn’t like cocoa better than nuts.

D．He/ She doesn’t think the chocolaty tastes bad.

Vending machines （投幣式自動售貨機） are found in 16% of U．S．elementary schools, 52% of middle schools and 88% of high schools．About 22% of students in grades 1 through 12 buy food in vending machines each day—and those purchases added an average of 253 calories to their diets, according to a new study in the September issue of the Journal of School Health．

Just to be clear, those were not 253 calories' worth of tofu, yogurt or carrot．The most popular vending machine items included soft drinks, candy, chips, crackers, cookies, cakes and ice cream．On the plus side （好的方面）, kids also bought low-fat milk, fruit juice and even fruit, the study found．

But the eventual effect on kids' diets was not good．Those who bought from vending machines ate an average of 156 grams of sugar per day, compared with 146 grams for those who abstained （節(jié)制）．They also consumed less fiber, iron and vitamin B．

One silver lining: Vending machine customers ate 4% less sodium （鈉） than other students--an average of 3,287 milligrams per day compared with 3,436 mg for those who didn't buy from vending machines．That's probably because the extra snacks made kids too full to eat as much at mealtimes, when dishes are especially Salty．In any event, kids should eat no more than 1,200 to 1,500 mg of sodium each day, according to the Mayo Clinic．Even for adults, the government recommends a daily limit of 2,300 mg．

Overall, vending machines in school appear to be a threat to children's health．The researchers calculated that all that snacking adds up to about14 extra pounds per child per school year．For some students this might be a serious contributor to weight issues．The study was based on data collected from 2,309 children nationwide for the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, which was

conducted by the U．S．Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service．

1.The students using vending machines take in less of all the following EXCEPT ．

A．sugar                B．fiber            C．vitamin          D．iron

2.The underlined words “One silver lining” mean “       ”．

A．a(chǎn) discouraging condition at present

B．a(chǎn) bright side of a difficult situation

C．a(chǎn)n urgent warning from health experts

D．a(chǎn)n increasing concern from the public

3.Why do kids buying food from vending machines take less salt probably?

A．They prefer less salty food．

B．They have formed healthy eating habits．

C．They eat less food at mealtimes．

D．They take less junk food as snacks．

4.What's the purpose of the text?

A．To teach children a balanced diet．

B．To introduce the finding of a new study．

C．To remind parents of children's health．

D．To tell the history of vending machines．