Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

?? Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping（向---送出） blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

??? Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."

??? The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. So our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."

?? To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. "We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.

?? "We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. fear has something to do with one's health.

B. fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

C. One's heart affects how he feels fear.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.When are people more likely to feel a sense of fear ?

A. When the heartbeat is relaxed.

B. When their hearts are contracting.

C. When people are tired.

D. When people are happy.

3.The study was carried out by analyzing （分析）_______.

A. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

B. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication

4.Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism" in Paragraph 6?

A. Order.           B. Machine.          C. Treatment.          D. System.

5.This study may be useful to _______.

A. treating anxiety and stress better

B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

C. finding the sky to the heart-brain communication

D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and then said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one.” The machine, with a new part on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”　

One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable, but the $29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.

(46) The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help because __________.

A. they had nothing to do in the factory　　　　　

B. there were no other people in the factory

C. the workers could not repair the machine　

D. the workers asked for too much money for repairing the machine

(47) The problem of the machine __________.

A. was caused by the German engineer　　　　　　　　 B. was found and solved by the workers

C. took the engineer a long time to find D. was easy for the German engineer

(48) According to the engineer, the finding of the problem cost ________.

A. only one dollar B. $29,999

C. nothing D. less than the new part
(49) The writer wants to tell us that ________.

A. the engineer asked for too much money

B. the workers should pay the money

C. the knowledge is worth more money

D. the new part could cost more

(50) What is worth only one dollar?

A. A line. 　B. A new part.　　 　 C. Wisdom.　　　　　　　　 D. Knowledge.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。

      Many people say dolphins are very intelligent (聰穎的). They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they c   1.    like humans or more like cats or dogs? Scientists say dolphin intelligence is s   2.    to human intelligence in some ways. How?

      Like humans, every dolphin has a “name”. I   3.     is a special whistle (哨聲). Scientists think dolphins, like people. “t   4.   ” to each other about a lot of things, such as their age, their feelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use a system (系統(tǒng)) of sounds and body language to c   5.   . But understanding their conversations is not easy for humans. No one “speaks dolphin” yet, but some scientists are trying to learn.

      Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups, and they often come to play games from different groups and have f  6.    , just like people. In fact, playing t  7.    is something only intelligent animals do.

      Dolphins and humans b   8.     make plans to get something they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, dolphins use an interesting way to get food. When fish are n   9.    a boat, dolphins signal (發(fā)信號) to the fishermen to put their nets (網(wǎng)) in the water. And the men can catch a lot of fish. What is the advantage for the dolphins? Why do they h   10.    the men? The dolphins can get some of the fish.

用方框內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

【小題1】The ______ of all my mistakes took nearly an hour.
【小題2】Do read the _________ before taking the medicine.
【小題3】My beloved mother is always _____ as though she never knows tiredness.
【小題4】I t was a long _______, but we eventually arrived.
【小題5】The job does not require any ________ training.
【小題6】A _______ is very important in finding a job.
【小題7】He has ______ that he didn’t finish his homework.
【小題8】The visitor bought _______ in the shops while visiting the places of interest.
【小題9】He is _________by his boss because he has done his work well.
【小題10】The poor boy was _______ by his parents and had a hard life.

It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相關(guān)的) to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain (大腦). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?
【小題1】The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.