題目列表(包括答案和解析)
閱讀下文,完成文后各題。
“進化”不了的愛
孫君飛
進化論包含著殘酷的叢林法則,也隱含著生命的自私自利性。一個生命個體要想很好地生存下去,必須要將自己變得更優(yōu)秀,學(xué)會“排他”,否則優(yōu)勝劣汰的只能是自己。不過,人們在觀察工蜂時,驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),它們并未受到進化論的影響,它們混沌若當初,或者說它們完美地保持著一種純粹而崇高的精神,這使它們成為生命進化中的另類。
工蜂屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能夠產(chǎn)卵,也只是沒有受精的卵,因此它們自身沒有繁殖能力。這種缺陷可怕而又不幸,然而工蜂對此無動于衷,甘愿終身攜帶著缺陷而生,從未奢望將自身進化得更完美更強悍。值得稱道的是,工蜂的適應(yīng)性反而很強大,它們擁有相當厲害的武器——毒刺,刺上長有倒鉤,一旦“亮劍”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的雙刃劍,在傷及侵害者的同時,自己的生命也面臨著終結(jié)。
蜜蜂家族中令人難以置信的社會結(jié)構(gòu)更加震驚著世人的心靈,在這里一切都那么井然有序,合乎“法則”,一切又那么一往情深,合乎“生命之愛”。蜜蜂的利他主義行為也許會讓達爾文難以理解,失去繁殖能力卻能夠?qū)⒏鞣N特征和習性一代代傳承下去的工蜂可能更讓達爾文目瞪口呆吧。答案其實很簡單,一切都源于蜜蜂與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。換言之,存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強,只有它們才會驅(qū)使工蜂去鞠躬盡瘁地照顧其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命,甚至為對方犧牲自己,卻無怨無悔。
蜂后產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴,常常會孵化出雌性幼蜂,而延續(xù)高貴的辦法只有一個:它們只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王漿之后,才能發(fā)育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后,否則它們在長大后依然屬于工蜂——從出生時開始,便將生命獻給蜂群、終日辛勞的工蜂!
由于小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同,從身形外貌上看,彼此也幾乎一模一樣,這也許使工蜂頓感一陣甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然:站在我面前的,莫不是又一個“我”?我由此獲得了新生,得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂養(yǎng)小蜂后的過程中,彼此的血緣關(guān)系升至最親密最牢固。它們原本不是毫不相關(guān)的兩個,而是見證生命延續(xù)、利他友愛的兩個。因為相同的基因存活在它們的生命之中,工蜂在潛意識里將蜂后看得比自己的生命更為重要,為了對方、也為了另一個“我”和“我們”,它們可以在必要時完全放棄自己現(xiàn)實的生命及其未來。
(選自在《思維與智慧》有刪節(jié))
下列關(guān)于“工蜂”的表述,不符合原文意思的一項是
A.作為生命個體,工蜂的生命隱含著自私自利性,要想不被淘汰,它必須將自己變得更優(yōu)秀,學(xué)會“排他”。
B.工蜂之所以成為生命進化中的另類,是因為它們完美地保持著一種純粹而崇高的精神,并未受到進化論的影響。
C.工蜂的適應(yīng)性很強,尾部長有倒鉤的毒刺是相當厲害的武器,在傷及侵害者的同時,工蜂的生命也意味著終結(jié)。
D.從出生開始,就為蜂群而終日辛勞的工蜂,能把各種特征和習性一代代傳承下去,靠的是與眾不同的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。
下列有關(guān)“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述,符合原文意思的一項是
A.蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂,產(chǎn)下的受精卵天生高貴,孵化出雌性幼蜂,幼蜂長大以后就成為新一代蜂后。
B.工蜂自身沒有繁殖能力,屬于生殖器官發(fā)育不完善的雌性蜂,即便能夠產(chǎn)卵,也只是沒有受精的卵,不能孵化幼蜂。
C.存在于工蜂體內(nèi)的遺傳基因極其頑強,它驅(qū)使工蜂分泌蜂王漿,鞠躬盡瘁地照顧和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。
D.蜂后負責產(chǎn)卵,工蜂負責喂養(yǎng)幼蜂,因而小蜂后的基因與工蜂的基因幾乎相同,身形外貌上也幾乎一模一樣。
下列根據(jù)原文信息所作的推斷,不正確的一項是
A.采粉、釀蜜、飼喂幼蟲的工蜂是蜂群的主體,兒歌唱的“小蜜蜂,整天忙,采花蜜,釀蜜糖”,指的就是工蜂。
B.蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序,合乎“法則”,合乎“生命之愛”,人類如果借鑒了這種社會結(jié)構(gòu).可能會更有利于社會和諧。
C.為了蜂后和后代,工蜂不惜犧牲自己,是因為它們有奉獻精神,潛意識里將蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。
D.工蜂一生從事的是利他的事業(yè),而不是優(yōu)化自己的結(jié)構(gòu)來繁衍后代,從這一點來看, 達爾文的進化論“適者生存”不科學(xué)。
閱讀下面材料,然后按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
“The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.”—Thomas Macaulay
One day, some thirty years ago, Mrs. O’Neill gave us a test to our class. When the papers were marked, she discovered 12 boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. There is nothing new about cheating in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to remain after class. I was one of them.
Mrs. O’Neill asked no questions, and she didn’t scold us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the above words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to copy these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
It was the most important single lesson of my life. Thirty years later, the words still seem to me the best yardstick, because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1.以約30個詞概括上述故事的內(nèi)容要點。
2.然后以約120個詞從“作者”,或者他的老師“Mrs. O’Neill”的行為中任選一個角度發(fā)表你的看法,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)談?wù)勀銓Α白髡摺睂Υ约旱腻e誤或者他的老師“Mrs. O’Neill”對待學(xué)生犯錯的處理方式發(fā)表你的看法,并說明理由;
(2)你讀后的感受與啟示。
【寫作要求】
1、作文中可以使用實例來支持你的論點,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容論述,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2、作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
【評分標準】
概括準確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
假如你是成都七中2015級學(xué)生李華的父親/母親,李華開學(xué)后即將升入高二。請根據(jù)以下要點給李華寫一封信,談?wù)勀銓⒆舆M入高二后的期盼與要求。內(nèi)容包括:
(1) 對李華選擇文科/理科表示支持;
(2) 告訴李華為什么高中的第二年很重要;
(3) 在選擇文科/理科后,希望李華如何度過這一年;
(4) 鼓勵李華做最好的自己,實現(xiàn)人生夢想。
注意:可適當增加細節(jié),使文章更完整。
字數(shù):120詞左右。信件開頭已為你寫好,不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯: 文科生:students of Arts 理科生:students of Science
My dear child,
You'll be a Senior Two student after this summer vacation.____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié) 讀寫任務(wù) (共1小題,滿分25分)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
閱讀下面的新聞報道,然后按照要求寫一篇150個詞左右的英語短文。
13 Farmers Moved China
CCTV.com News: 13 farmers from Yutian Country, Tangshan City, Hebei Province have formed a rescue team to the snowstorm stricken areas in South China. On the Eve of the Spring Festival, driving a rented bus for Chenzhou, Hunan ,they joined the disaster relief team. On the spot of a Chenzhou’s emergency repair ,Song Zhiyong ,a farmer in Tangshan ,and also the group leader of the voluntary rescue team is working hard with 12 brothers in the village.
Song Zhiyong said that the idea of giving the support to the disaster area first accurred to them on Dec. 28 of the lunar year, when the celebration of the New Year was approaching. They planned to donate some money to Chenzhou there at the very beginning. However ,later ,they thought that was not enough and then they changed their mind.
“We should arrive at the front line, which is also a kind of comfort to the people there.” Song Zhiyong thought to himself.
When the journalists ask why they come to their rescue ,they said, “we have experienced the oversized earthquake before ,and at that time the people from all over China helped us. I think we also should try our best to help others in trouble and do what we could for them.”
[寫作內(nèi)容]
1.以約30個詞概括上述新聞要點;
2.以約120個詞發(fā)表看法,并包括如下要點;
(1)談?wù)勀銓λ麄兊男袨榈脑u價,并說出理由;
(2)你讀后的感受與啟示。
[寫作要求]
1.可以使用實例來支持你的論點,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容論述,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
3.標題自定。
[評分標準] 概括準確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
讀寫任務(wù)(共1小題,滿分25分)
閱讀下面的短文,然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
During a recent Senior Three English lesson, the teacher caught Xiao Li, a female student, busily typing messages on her cell-phone. To the teacher’s surprise, Xiao Li wasn’t just texting her friends the latest gossip. She was actually blogging about what was being taught in the classroom, sharing her opinions about the information and material with her classmates and other students.
The case aroused a heated discussion among teachers and students city-wide. Miss Li, an English teacher from another nearby school said, “I am amazed at how creative the students can be when writing on their blogs. To me it’s a great way for students to improve their writing skills while writing about personal feelings and experiences.” But other teachers are worried that blog-addiction may interfere with their students’ study.
A supporter and classmate of Xiao Li said, “We love her blog! We all read it each day and can’t wait to see what she writes about next. Her interesting stories and great suggestions on study really help to motivate us. And it adds a little fun to our stressful life.” Another student blogger admitted that he often works late into the night, writing his blog and responding to comments posted there. “Sometimes I don’t even have time to finish my homework. I can’t help myself. I really have a lot to say.”
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1)以約30個詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容;
2)然后以約120個詞就“中學(xué)生博客”的問題進行議論,內(nèi)容包括:
a)博客的利與弊;
b)你對中學(xué)生博客的態(tài)度;
c)關(guān)于此問題的建議。
【寫作要求】
1)在作文中可以使用自己親身的經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事,也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2)作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。
【評分標準】
概括準確,語言規(guī)范,內(nèi)容合適,篇章連貫。
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