D
Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.
Film cameras
After all, a film camera is basically a light – proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (鏡頭) system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.
Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter open for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film.
When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!
Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.
Digital cameras
In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor (傳感器)called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts(轉(zhuǎn)變) light and colour into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is.
67．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film.
B．All cameras have a sensor.
C．Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .
D．Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths.
68．In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _____.
A．light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter
B．you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog
C．the image of the dog is not created
D．the sensor fails to convert light and colour into a digital information
69．The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ ___.
A．they use digital cameras  B．the lens of their cameras is excellent
C．their focus lenses are short      D．their focus lenses are long
70．Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ____.
A．closely related to the quality of the CCD
B．irrelevant to the quality of the CCD
C．closely related to the lens
D．irrelevant to the lens

Charles Dickens (1812-1870), the great nineteenth century English novelist, was born near Portsmouth. His father ran heavily into debt and when he was twelve, he had to go and work in a factory for making boot polish. The only formal education he received was a two-year schooling at a school for poor children. In fact, he had to teach himself all he knew. He worked for a time as junior clerk in a lawyer's office. After that, he worked as a reporter in the law courts, and later in parliament, for London newspapers. His career as a writer of fiction began in 1833 with short stories and essays in periodicals, and in 1837 his comic novel The Pickwick Papers made him the most popular author at his time in England.
　　He was a great observer of people and their places because he was attracted by life and conditions in mid-nineteenth century London. He wrote 19 novels all his life and in many of them, Dickens gave a realistic picture of all classes of England society, showing deep sympathy for the poor and unfortunate, exposing the injustice and inhumanity（不人道） of the bourgeoisie（布爾喬亞階級(jí)）.
　　Many of his novels like Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickleby, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities and so on drew attention to the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago.
　　Dickens criticized capitalist society from the point of view of bourgeois humanism. He wished to see improvement in the living conditions of the poor, but failed to find any effective means to achieve that end.
【小題1】Dickens only received a little formal education because______.

One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 36  for 15 minutes. Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became  37 . When he saw a photograph booth (照相亭) nearby, he had  38 . He wore the most unhappy expression he could manage, which was not  39  in the situation. In a few moments, he was holding four small photos that  40  even him.
He wrote his wife’s name on the back of the photos and handed them to a  41  behind the desk in the booth. “ 42  you see a small, dark lady with brown eyes and an apologetic expression, obviously  43  someone, would you please give her this?” he said. He then  44  his office in Morrison Building,  45  that if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good  46 ! He sat down with a smile.
His wife  47  those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who asks if she is married.
How are you with  48 ? One person calls it “wait training.” It seems that there is always something we are  49 . We wait on traffic and we wait in lines. We wait to hear about a new job. We wait to complete school. We wait for someone to change his or her mind.
Patience is an important  50  of a happy and rewarding life.  51 , some things are worth waiting for.  52  presents many opportunities for wait training.
We can hate waiting,  53  it or even get good at it! But one thing is  54  --- we cannot avoid it. How is your  55  coming along?

Photographs are everywhere. They decorate (裝飾) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty(貧窮)　caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents(文獻(xiàn)) ,photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish(發(fā)表) them in books and on the Internet.
【小題1】The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to        .

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
I took home a briefcase full of troubles . As I sat down on that hot and damp  36 , there seemed to be no  37  to the problems hanging around in my brain . So I picked up a book , settled into a comfortable chair and  38  my own special therapy (療法):  39  reading .
I  40  three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheean—tasting each paragraph , staying over a sentence , a phrase , or even a single word , building a detailed mental picture of the scene . No longer was I in Sydney , Australia , on a sticky hot night . Enjoying every word , I  41  foreign journalist Vincent Sheean on a tour to China and another to Russia . I was  42  in the author’s world . And when finally I put it down , my mind was totally  43 .
Next morning , four words from the book—“take the long  44 ” were still in my mind . At my desk , I had a long-view look at my  45  . Once more , super-slow-reading had given me not only  46 but perspective (視角)， and helped me in my everyday affairs .
I discovered its  47  years ago . Before that , if I had been really interested in a book , I would 48  from page to page ,  49  to know what came next . Now , I decided , I had to become a miser （守財(cái)奴）with  50  and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar .
I had started with the practical object of making my book last . But by the end of the second week I began to realize  51  I was getting from super-slow-reading itself . Sometimes just a particular phrase 52  my attention , sometimes a sentence . I would read it slowly, analyze it , read it again—perhaps changing down into an even  53  speed—and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on . I was like a pianist  54  a piece of music , phrase by phrase , practicing it , trying to discover and 55  exactly what the composer(作曲家) was trying to convey.

【小題10】

A．therapy B．problems C．reading D．work

【小題12】

A．use B．disadvantage C．value D．importance

【小題17】

A．caught B．missed C．escaped D．paid