Among the many differences between Western and Chinese cultures, table manners are one of the most noticeable(顯著的) differences. Westerners often make mistakes at the table in China or in a Chinese home. In order not to have an embarrassing（尷尬的） experience, here are some things to consider next time you are eating with some Chinese.

Step1:

Keep in mind that food is shared. It is one of the biggest differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. In China a few dishes are placed in the center of a table and shared by all. Also, you should offer thanks when a Chinese host takes food from one of the dishes on the table and places it on your plate. Refusing it would not be polite even if you are full.

Step2:

Respect the chopsticks. The chopsticks are the single most important tool at a Chinese table. Use the chopsticks to grab food and never skewer (叉) it. Also make sure to place your chopsticks over your bowl or plate. Don’t lay them on the table or even worse, stick them into the rice bowl.

Step3:

Use communal(共用的)chopsticks. To take food from the center of the table you should use the communal chopsticks or spoons that are placed there for that purpose. If there are no communal tools, use the other ends of your chopsticks to take food, remembering not to use the other end to put food into your mouth.

Step4:

Respect the elders. Table manners in China place extra respect on elders. At the table, pass food to your elders before taking it for yourself. If someone makes a toast, make sure that when you clink glasses with someone older than you, the rim of your glass is lower than the rim of the elder person.

1.How can you use your chopsticks according to the passage?

A．Use them to grab your own food.

B．Put them on the table.

C．Use them to skewer the food.

D．Stick them into the rice bowl.

2.According to the passage, the following are wrong EXCEPT that ________.

A．you don’t have to accept the food a Chinese host places on your plate

B．a(chǎn) skewer is also a commonly used tool at a Chinese table

C．one can offer his own chopsticks for communal use when there aren’t any

D．when clinking glasses, the rim of the younger person should be lower than that of the older person

3.What is the purpose of writing the passage?

A．To let the world get a full understanding of China.

B．To introduce table manners among different cultures.

C．To introduce Chinese table manners to Westerners.

D．To introduce how Chinese table manners came into being.

 

According to an old story, a farmer once found that a bag of corn had been stolen from his house. He went to the judge and told him about his loss. The judge ordered all the people of the farm to come before him. He took a number of sticks of equal length and gave one stick to each man.

　 He then said, “Come before me again tomorrow. I shall then know which of you is the thief because the stick given to the thief will be one inch longer than the others.”

　 The thief was afraid of being found out, and so he cut an inch off his stick. The next day the thief’s stick was found to be one inch shorter than any of the others. In this way the thief was found out, and was at once taken away to prison.

1.The judge gave each man a stick _______.

A. to change back the farmer’s corn

B. to beat the thief

C. as a tool to find out the thief

D. so as to play a game together

2.Since the thief cut the stick short, ________.

A. he was found out

B. the judge couldn’t catch him

C. his stick had an equal length with the others’

D. his stick wouldn’t be any longer

3.The wise way the judge found out the thief in the end was to make ______.

A. the thief cut the stick off

B. the thief cut an inch off the stick

C. the stick grow an inch longer

D. the other’s sticks would become one inch shorter

 

Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.

Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.

Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝)becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.

The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.

To stop this vicious(惡性的)circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize (使…中和) the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.

1.What is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.

B. To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.

C. To inform people of the harm of processed foods.

D. To warn people of the problem of obesity.

2.It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.

A. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs

B. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit

C. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods

D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle

3.Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.

A. destroy body’s cells                        B. are difficult to digest

C. may lead to obesity                                  D. stop body’s metabolism

4.What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?

A. Active approaches to avoid acid.

B. Different causes of acid accumulation.

C. Correct ways to cook raw foods.

D. Suitable types of raw and whole foods.

5.What can we learn from the text?

A. Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism.

B. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body.

C. The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective.

D. Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract.

 

閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語回答問題。

Many people spend a lot of time making money because they believe the money itself will make them happy, or will guard them against things that will make them unhappy. They make great efforts to achieve that perfect relationship, the perfect house, the beautiful body, the approval of others, all in an attempt to be happy.

Sometimes these things make people happy; other times, people stress over not having reached the goals, or reach them and find they’re still unhappy. Other times, people focus on just one goal and don’t have time for other things that will make them truly happy.

Some experts studying human happiness and the factors that contribute to it have identified several key areas of life that seem to be more related to personal happiness. Some of them are the things like money, friends, health and living conditions; others are things you may not think of in your daily life, such as your neighborhood and sense of meaning in life.

So while setting your goals, remember all of the areas of life that are important to you and find a balanced lifestyle including social support, personal development, physical health and meaningful pursuits(追求) besides career success and financial security. _____________, your attitude about life and the things that happen to you each day can also have a great effect on your level of happiness and life satisfaction. In addition to being optimistic, happy people tend to believe they are the masters of their fate, rather than the victims of circumstance.

 Explore the state of your life, assess how truly happy you are, and find a direction to work toward that will likely bring more happiness. Reach your goals, set new ones and live a life that truly makes you happy.

1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? (Please answer within 15 words.)

______________________________________________________________________

2.Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

It’s impossible for those that stick to one thing only to experience happiness from other things.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words.)

______________________________________________________________________

4. Do you think money could bring true happiness? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)

______________________________________________________________________

5.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese.

______________________________________________________________________

 

I have learnt a lot about Chinese life and culture while teaching in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and found them very interesting．

First, family life is quite   36   in China． In the USA, many young people   37   home after they finish their education and start working． However, in China, it is   38   for people to live with their parents until they get married．   39  , many of my Chinese friends told me that their  40   lived with them and helped take care of them when they were children． It seems that Americans think independence is more important   41   the Chinese think family relationships are more important．

Bargaining is another   42   that I have tried to learn． In the USA, prices are   43   and you can’t ask for a lower price． However in some small Chinese stores and tourist places, you are   44   to bargain． My Chinese friends taught me to ask for 40 percent or 50 percent   45   the original price． If the salesperson doesn’t agree to my price, I should   46   to leave and he might let me come back and sell me the item． It is a skill that you have to   47   if you live in China．

Tipping hasn’t been easier to   48  ． In the USA, many people in the service   49   want to get   50   money for serving customers． Tipping is not a part of Chinese culture．   51   I tried to tip a taxi driver． He looked a little   52   and refused to take the money．

In dinners, perhaps what surprises an American visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their   53  ． Actually, this is a   54   of true friendship and politeness． My Chinese friend told me if I didn’t want to eat it, I should just   55   the food in the plate． 

1.A． unique            B． different       C． private         D． harmonious

2.A． come              B． build           C． leave           D． abandon

3.A． regular           B． true            C． common          D． usual

4.A． Also              B． However         C． Therefore       D． Although

5.A． parents           B． relatives       C． babysitters     D． grandparents

6.A． while             B． since           C． when            D． as

7.A． way               B． custom          C． lesson          D． habit

8.A． made              B． agreed          C． charged         D． set

9.A． expected          B． taught          C． suggested       D． required

10.A． up               B． away            C． off             D． on

11.A． promise          B． pretend         C． decide          D． hope

12.A． tolerate         B． understand      C． practise        D． consider

13.A． adjust to        B． turn to         C． refer to        D． stick to

14.A． area             B． department      C． branch          D． industry

15.A． easy             B． extra           C． pocket          D． prize

16.A． Often            B． Once            C． Sometimes       D． Before

17.A． excited         B． satisfied       C． frightened      D． confused

18.A． own              B． children        C． neighbors       D． guests   

19.A． signal           B． mark            C． sign            D． feature

20.A． leave            B． remain          C． put             D． taste