Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學(xué)的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.

Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.

Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization(社會(huì)化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A．baby boys are much more active

B．baby girls like bright colours more

C．there is a natural difference between them

D．their parents treat them differently

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

3.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

B．Adults purposely（故意地） influence their babies preference.

C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

4.We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.

A．health            B．science           C．education         D．entertainment

 

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學(xué)的） basis(基礎(chǔ)) to their preferences（偏愛）.
Psychologists(心理學(xué)家) Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly(明顯的) longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly(簡(jiǎn)單地) touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely(幾乎不) touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed (暴露)to much socialization(社會(huì)化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”
【小題1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A．baby boys are much more active

B．baby girls like bright colours more

C．their parents treat them differently

D．there is a natural difference between them

【小題2】Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with__________  according to the study.

A．a(chǎn) ball

B．a(chǎn) teddy

C．a(chǎn) car

D．a(chǎn) doll

【小題3】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

【小題4】What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A．Adults purposely（故意地） influence their babies preference.

B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

【小題5】We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.

A．science

B．health

C．education

D．entertainment

Psychology（心理學(xué)）tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially (尤其)when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.

Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear（恐懼）to move on. This is because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on!

In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides(提供) us with the desire (渴望)to experiment and take chances.

Risk taking is a great benefit（好處）that allowed our ancestors(祖先) to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories（領(lǐng)土）. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk taking activity that even the average person seems to enjoy although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological (生物學(xué)上的) connection （聯(lián)系）creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.

Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk. There is such thing as perfect safety. We need to take risks so that we can complete (finish) many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they could not make more money.

We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.

1.Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly （主要）because ___________.

A．they are too lazy to move on

B．they feel pleased with the present life.

C．they have experienced some failures before

D．they show little interest in the strange world outside

2.What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Taking risks

B．Fighting off enemies

C．Discovering new territories

D．Becoming stronger and stronger

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Daily life is full of risks

B．The safest place has the greatest risk

C．People should take risks when they are young

D．We can always achieve our goals by taking risks

4. What would be the title for the passage?

A．Taking risks is easier said than done

B．On risks taken by ancestors

C．Live our life to the fullest(充分地)

D．No risk, no gain.

 

Psychology（心理學(xué)）tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially (尤其)when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear（恐懼）to move on. This is because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on!
In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides(提供) us with the desire (渴望)to experiment and take chances.
Risk taking is a great benefit（好處）that allowed our ancestors(祖先) to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories（領(lǐng)土）. This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk taking activity that even the average person seems to enjoy although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological (生物學(xué)上的) connection （聯(lián)系）creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk. There is such thing as perfect safety. We need to take risks so that we can finish many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.
【小題1】Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly （主要）because ___________.

A．they are too lazy to move on

B．they feel pleased with the present life.

C．they have experienced some failures before

D．they show little interest in the strange world outside

【小題2】 What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Taking risks	B．Fighting off enemies
C．Discovering new territories	D．Becoming stronger and stronger

【小題3】 What can we infer from the passage?

A．Daily life is full of risks

B．The safest place has the greatest risk

C．People should take risks when they are young

D．We can always achieve our goals by taking risks

【小題4】What would be the title for the passage?

A．Taking risks is easier said than done	B．On risks taken by ancestors
C．Live our life to the fullest(充分地)	D．No risk, no gain.

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學(xué)的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.
Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization(社會(huì)化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”
【小題1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A．baby boys are much more active

B．baby girls like bright colours more

C．there is a natural difference between them

D．their parents treat them differently

【小題2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

【小題3】What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

B．Adults purposely（故意地） influence their babies preference.

C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

【小題4】We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.

A．health

B．science

C．education

D．entertainment