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Watching a sporting event with family and friends under the sun is a great experience in summer.   1  In the United States, heat exposure led to 8,000 deaths between 1979 and 2003. Luckily, a little prevention can go a long way towards making sure of an enjoyable day.

Know the danger

Heat-related illnesses do not require record-breaking temperatures to occur.   2  The body’s temperature can reach 106 or 107 degrees Fahrenheit on a 90-degree day, creating a potentially deadly situation. Factors such as age, weight or a medical condition can influence people.

Drink plenty of water

3  Sweating is your body’s key way to keep cool, so drink water to stay well hydrated(含水的) before you feel thirsty. A cool beer may sound perfect on a hot day, but drink responsibly. Alcohol stops the body’s cooling system and causes you to go to the bathroom frequently.

 4 

Wear light-colored and loosely fitting clothing, so air can go around your body and help keep you cool. A hat is a must to help you keep cool, since your head contains many blood vessels(血管)， and sun block(防曬乳) is always a good idea.

Take action

What should you do if you are suffering from the heat while watching your favorite event?

Get up and go. It is a simple piece of advice, but could make the difference between a quick recovery and something more severe that requires medical attention. The ideal thing is to move yourself from the position you’re in to an area that is a little cooler.  5

A．Weather-related causes

B．Dress for the occasion

C．In hot weather, it is essential to stay hydrated.

D．You may miss a little of the action, but it beats missing a lot.

E. It is also important to take advantage of services the equipment provides.

F. But when you add sun exposure to the crowds, the results can be deadly.

G. Temperatures between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit can be dangerous.

 

Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

     The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

      Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

1．The word “state” (in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________.

     A．a(chǎn) mental or emotional condition.            B．a(chǎn) condition of being in a stage or form.

      C．social position or rank．                       D．a(chǎn) specific mode of government.

2．According to the passage, attitudes ­­­­­­­­­__________.

     A．come from different situations in one’s life

     B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

     C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

     D．could be chosen according to one’s will

3．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show______.

     A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

     B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

     C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

     D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

4．Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

     A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

     B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

     C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

     D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

5．What would be the best title for the passage?

     A．Differences of Attitudes.                        B．Nature(性質(zhì)) of Attitude.

     C．Choices of Attitudes.                              D．Modification of Attitude.

Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

    The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

     Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

 

 

1．The word “state” (in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________.

  A．a(chǎn) mental or emotional condition.　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn) condition of being in a stage or form.

　 C．social position or rank．　 D．a(chǎn) specific mode of government.

2．According to the passage, attitudes ?????????__________.

　 A．come from different situations in one’s life

　 B．a(chǎn)re largely affected by one’s behavior

　 C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

　 D．could be chosen according to one’s will

3．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show______.

　 A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

　 B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

　 C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

　 D．a(chǎn)n individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

4．Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

　 A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

　 B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

　 C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

　 D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

5．What would be the best title for the passage?

　 A．Differences of Attitudes.　　 B．Nature(性質(zhì)) of Attitude.

　 C．Choices of Attitudes.　　　　 D．Modification of Attitude.

 

To this day,I still remember the first day of classes exactly 30 years ago. I  _16_ in Dr Charles E. Offutt’s British literature class，listening to him _17_ what his seniors would learn and get them excited about the journey they would __18__ .I’m the principal(校長) of the school now，but for a few minutes I was back in 1975，__19__ what the future held.

I have been learning from Dr Offutt for 30 of the 51 years he has been teaching at DeMatha. he not only taught me to think，he _20_ me，as much by example as _21__，that it was my moral duty to do so and to serve __22_ .

Neither of us could know how our _23_ would develop over the years. When I first came back to DeMatha to teach English，I worked for Dr Offutt，then the department chair. After several years，I was _24__ department chair，and our relationship changed __25__. I thought that it might be __26__chairing the department，since all of my former English teachers were still there，but Dr Offutt _27__ me throughout. he knew when to give me _28__ about curriculum(課程)，texts and personnel，and when to let me design my own course.

In 1997，I needed his advice about leaving DeMatha to become principal at another school. If he had asked me to stay at DeMatha，I might have. _29_，he encouraged me to seize the new __30_ .

Five years ago,I became the__31_  of DeMatha. Once again, Dr Offutt was there for me,Letting me know that I could__32_ on him as I tried to fill such big shoes.I’ve learned that great teachers have a (an)___33__wealth of lessons to teach __34_ his students don’t know it yet.I know how __35_ they are.I’m still one of them.

1.	A．stood B．sat C．taught D．talked

 

2.	A．explain B．predict C．speak D．teach

 

3.	A．keep B．a(chǎn)chieve C．choose D．take

 

4.	A．preparing B．discovering C．wondering D．realizing

 

5.	A．a(chǎn)ssisted B．reminded C．a(chǎn)dvised D．convinced

 

6.	A．words B．a(chǎn)ction C．explanation D．models

 

7.	A．the others B．everyone C．others D．a(chǎn)nyone

 

8.	A．relationship B．position C．situation D．condition

 

9.	A．pointed B．named C．given D．taken

 

10.	A．a(chǎn)lready B．yet C．still D．a(chǎn)gain

 

11.	A．foolish B．surprising C．uncertain D．challenging

 

12.	A．promoted B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．supported D．welcomed

 

13.	A．a(chǎn)dvice B．information C．notice D．thought

 

14.	A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Instead

 

15.	A．choice B．opportunity C．occupation D．possibility

 

16.	A．teacher B．principal C．officer D．clerk

 

17.	A．live B．look C．depend D．take

 

18.	A．rich B．little C．valuable D．endless

 

19.	A．Once B．Even if C．Unless D．Until

 

20.	A．fortunate B．curious C．innocent D．satisfied