(09·浙江C篇)

Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants

Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet

smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as

Bugs and bees.

Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by

Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the

Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ---- or even

Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

     Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical

Sensor（傳感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make

When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being

Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual

Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house

Thousands of plants.

     The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the

device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the

e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

    To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato

plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged

leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made

holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）.

The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on

The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged.

But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole

Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves.

With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____.

A. making some sounds                     B. waving their leaves

C. producing some chemicals                 D. sending out electronic signals

50. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

A. They presented it with all common crops.

B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

C. They collected different damaged leaves.

D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

51. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___.

A. pick out ripe fruits

B. spot the insects quickly

C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

52 We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.

A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

B. is not yet used in greenhouses

C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

 (09·浙江E篇)

Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

   Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors

   At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.

   But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson  and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that  “Franklin was only two steps away  from the solution.”

 No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of  DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the  “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

57. What is the text mainly about?

   A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.

   B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

   C. The process of discovering DNA.

   D. The race between two teams of scientists.

58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she     .

   A. took the lead in the competition         B. kept her results from him

   C. proved some of his findings wrong       D. shared her data with other scientists

59. Why is Franklin described as  “Dark Lady of DNA”?
   A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

   B. She discovered the  black X-the shape of DNA.

   C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

   D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

60. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
  A. Disapproving.     B. Respectful.        C.  Admiring.       D. Doubtful.

 (09·浙江D篇)

In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老)treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.

Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ”O(jiān)h boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.”I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his while

  Several months ago I was racing to catch  a him As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Grey hound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile ,”O(jiān)h that bus left five minutes ago.”Dreams of head-cutting!

  It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.

Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter mainly told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.

  Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warming .Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, ” Oh, that’s all right I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news ,deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轟炸的)person is sure to have.

53.In Paragraph 1,the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to ____.

A. make a comparison                  B. introduce a topic

C. describe a scene                     D. offer an argument

54.In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ___.

A. friendly          B. warm-hearted      C. not considerate      D. not helpful

55.From “Dreams of head-cutting!”(Paragraph3),we learn that the writer___.

  A. was mad at the sales agent

  B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh

  C. wished that the sales agent would have had dreams

  D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night.

56.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.

B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.

C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.

D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.

 (09·浙江A篇)

I was in a rush as always, but this time it was for an important date I just couldn’t be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries. A PhD student with not a lot of money, I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers. I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date.

We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile –warm and reassuring –and I returned her gift by smiling back.

“Must be a special lady, whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers,” she said.

    “Yes, she’s special,” I said, and then to my embarrassment, the words kept coming out.

“It’s only our second date, but somehow I am just having the feeling she’s ‘the one’. Jokingly, I added, “The only problem is that I can’t figure out why she’d want to date a guy like me.”

“Well, I think she’s very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her,” the woman said.” “My husband used to bring me flowers every week –even when times were tough and we didn’t have much money. Those were incredible days; he was very romantic and – of course – I miss him since he’s passed away.”

I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her. I touched her on the shoulder and said, “You were right, you know. These flowers are indeed for a very special lady.” I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation.

It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just purchased. “You have a wonderful evening,” I said. I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers.

I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story. A couple of years later, when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me, she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her –that was the night that I won her heart.

41．Why was the writer in a hurry that day?

A．He was to meet his girlfriend.            B．He had to go back to school soon.

C．He was delayed by an elderly lady.        D．He had to pick up some groceries.

42．What does the underlined phrase “her gift”(Paragraph 2) refer to?

A．Her words.        B．Her smile.        C．Her flowers.      D．her politeness.

43．Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady?

A．She told him a nice story.                B．She allowed him to pay first.

C．She gave him encouragement.            D．She liked flowers very much.

44．What is the message conveyed in the story?

A．Flowers are important for a date.          B．Small talk is helpful.

C．Love and kindness are rewarding.         D．Elderly people deserve respecting.