解:(1)574+498,
=574+(500-2),
=574+500-2,
=1074-2,
=1072;
(2)487-305,
=487-(300+5),
=487-300-5,
=187-5,
=182;
(3)395-395=0;
(4)733+260+67,
=733+67+260,
=800+260,
=1060;
(5)998+98+8,
=(1000-2)+(100-2)+(10-2),
=(1000+100+10)-(2+2+2),
=1110-6,
=1104;
(6)2596-68-432,
=2596-(68+432),
=2596-500,
=2096;
(7)786-299-98,
=786-(300-1)-(100-2),
=786-300+1-100+2,
=(786-300-100)+(1+2),
=386+3,
=389;
(8)237-196+63-4,
=(237+64)-(196+4),
=300-200,
=100.
分析:(1)(2)(5)(7)運(yùn)用湊整法簡算;
(3)根據(jù)減數(shù)和被減數(shù)相等,差是0計算;
(4)運(yùn)用加法交換律簡算;
(6)根據(jù)減法的性質(zhì)簡算;
(8)根據(jù)加法結(jié)合律和減法的性質(zhì)簡算.
點評:完成本題要注意分析式中數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用合適的簡便方法計算.