將5克固體氫氧化鈉完全溶解在50克溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為12%的氫氧化鈉溶液中.
(1)求所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù);
(2)為測算某鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),現(xiàn)取10克上述所得的氫氧化鈉溶液與18.25克此鹽酸混合,且恰好完全反應(yīng).求此鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
【答案】
分析:(1)溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)═
×100%;加入5gNaOH固體完全溶解后,所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為原溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量與后加入的氫氧化鈉質(zhì)量之和,溶液質(zhì)量為原溶液質(zhì)量與所加入氫氧化鈉質(zhì)量之和.
(2)根據(jù)氫氧化鈉的質(zhì)量可以求出18.25g鹽酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)═
×100%,得出鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解答:解:(1)所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=20%;
(2)設(shè)所用鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為X,由于反應(yīng)只消耗了10g的上述溶液,則反應(yīng)的氫氧化鈉的質(zhì)量為10g×20%=2g.
NaOH+HCl=H
2O+NaCl
40 36.5
2g X
解得,X=1.825g,
鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=10%.
故答為:(1)所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%;(2)此鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%.
點(diǎn)評:本題主要考查學(xué)生利用化學(xué)方程式和溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算的能力.解題的關(guān)鍵是分析物質(zhì)之間的反應(yīng)情況,確定反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式;弄清楚溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量的計(jì)算方法.