For thousands of years, people have used plants to make medicines. They used different parts of the plants —the roots, the leaves, the flowers, and the bark (樹皮). Today, doctors have rediscovered more medicinal (藥用) values of some plants. Let’s look at some examples.
Foxglove is a common plant. People have used it to make the heart slow down. Recently scientists have developed another drug from it. This new drug helps prevent other heart problems.
In some areas, malaria has been a problem. Scientists have learned that the bark of a South American tree, the cinchona, can be made into a drug to prevent malaria. For a long time, the Chinese have known that a special plant, wormwood, can also fight malaria. Scientists have been working with it to develop new drugs against malaria.
In Germany, some scientists studied garlic (大蒜) for four years. They found that it helps prevent the build-up of plaque (血小板) because too much plaque is bad for health. This very common plant continues to be studied.
As we know, there are about 250,000 kinds of flowering plants in the world. Scientists have only studied little more than one percent of plants for their medicinal value. Maybe medicines for AIDS and cancer will be made from the other 99 percent.
小題1:What can foxglove be used for?
A．Studying plants.
B．Building up the plaque.
C．Treating AIDS and cancer.
D．Preventing heart problems.
小題2:What does the underlined word “malaria” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指的是)?
A．A drug.B．A plant.
C．An illness.D．An animal.
小題3:How many plants are mentioned in the passage?
A．3.B．4.C．5.D．6
小題4:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Past and future
B．Plants and medicine
C．Health and illness
D．Scientists and doctors

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：這篇短文主要講述了一些利用植物防治疾病的知識.
小題1:根據(jù)短文第二段描述可知,毛地黃主要用來防治心臟病,故選D.
小題2:聯(lián)系下文the cinchona, can be made into a drug to prevent malaria. 可知這是一種疾病,故選C.
小題3:根據(jù)短文描述,可知主要提到四種植物,毛地黃,金雞納,艾草和大蒜.故選B.
小題4:這篇短文主要講述了一些草藥知識,故選B,植物和醫(yī)藥.
點評：本文淺顯易懂，層次分明，學生很容易把握文章中心內(nèi)容。答題中注意帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據(jù)。對于不能直接找到根據(jù)的問題注意聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)短文中心總結(jié)出正確答案。
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Main idea
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Facts
In India
Indians don’ t eat ____ 小題3:___because they think oxen are sacred.
It’ s   小題4:    to shake one’ s left hand.
In the USA
Although it’ s not a taboo, Americans  小題5:  eat chickens’ claws
Americans don’ t usually get into each other’ s personal space. For example, they usually don’t ask someone else’s  小題6:  , job or   小題7:    .
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C．the person who says something that hurts us
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B．hate the person who hurts us often
C．a(chǎn)ccept that we are hurting the other person
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B．we should pay more attention to our friends.
C．the peace of mind is more important than hurt itself
D．it’s better to let bitterness go along with the other person

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B．After World War II．
C．During World War II．
D．Before World War II．
小題2:New four-1ane roads were build _______.
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a single scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts ( 反應) with air and with water.
Aim : To find out if iron rusts( 生銹) (a) in dry air ; (b) in water that has no air in it ( air- free water) ; (c) in ordinary water.
Materials : 3 clean iron nails ( 鐵釘) ; test tubes ; test tube holder ; cotton wool ; oil ; Bunsen burner.
Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.
(3)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes. (This makes sure there is no air in the water.
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to the water. (This will keep air out of the water.)
(5) Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air- free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half –fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water. (238 words)
小題1:In the first part of the experiment the cotton wool is most probably used to ______________.
A．keep the air dryB．keep the tube wet
C．make the nails rustD．keep the tube clean
小題2:What are necessary steps to make sure the water in the tube is air free?
①Leave half a tube of water in it              
②Boil the water for some time
③Put some clean iron nails in the tube           
④Add some oil to the water
A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④
小題3:We can conclude from the experiment that only ____________ makes iron rusty.
A．dry airB．cotton woolC．ordinary waterD．a(chǎn)ir-free water

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