A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a single scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts ( 反應(yīng)) with air and with water.
Aim : To find out if iron rusts( 生銹) (a) in dry air ; (b) in water that has no air in it ( air- free water) ; (c) in ordinary water.
Materials : 3 clean iron nails ( 鐵釘) ; test tubes ; test tube holder ; cotton wool ; oil ; Bunsen burner.
Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.
(3)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes. (This makes sure there is no air in the water.
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to the water. (This will keep air out of the water.)
(5) Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air- free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half –fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water. (238 words)
小題1:In the first part of the experiment the cotton wool is most probably used to ______________.
A．keep the air dryB．keep the tube wet
C．make the nails rustD．keep the tube clean
小題2:What are necessary steps to make sure the water in the tube is air free?
①Leave half a tube of water in it              
②Boil the water for some time
③Put some clean iron nails in the tube           
④Add some oil to the water
A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④
小題3:We can conclude from the experiment that only ____________ makes iron rusty.
A．dry airB．cotton woolC．ordinary waterD．a(chǎn)ir-free water

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
短文屬于說(shuō)明文。這是一個(gè)關(guān)于鐵和水、空氣的反應(yīng)的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是提供干燥空氣，因此可推測(cè)棉花羊毛的作用是吸濕，保持空氣干燥。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Iron in air-free water這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法中可知，第二步和第四步就是為了使水中不含有空氣。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)可排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)，通過(guò)Iron in ordinary water這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論可知“Iron rusts in ordinary water.”這也是三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中唯一使鐵生銹的條件。
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