Question

【題目】 Some people may sneeze after touching a cute dog. Others may find it hard to breathe after eating a certain food. Why does this happen? That’s because they have allergies (過敏).

When a person is allergic to something, his or her immune system (免疫系統(tǒng)) mistakenly believes that this thing is harming the body. Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing. Others may even make people stop breathing.

But why do people have allergies?

It can be because of their genes, which control what they look like, how they grow and how they develop.

You may be at risk for developing allergies yourself at some point in your life if one of your parents has eczema (濕疹) or food allergies, and they may develop in a certain order, Ogden told Gizmodo, a US technology and science website. A person may first have eczema in his or her childhood, and later see it develop into a food allergy.

But not all allergies are caused by genes. Some experts say that if we experience fewer infections (感染) when we are young, we are more likely to have allergies when we grow up.

According to Matthew Greenhawt from the University of Colorado, our immune system deals with infections and allergies. It tries to keep a balance between the two. But modern medicine protects us from developing various infections. This breaks the balance. Our immune system becomes more easily affected by allergies. It may think that normal things, such as certain foods, are dangerous and will try to protect us with an immune response.

根據(jù)材料內容選擇最佳答案。

【1】People who have allergies may ________ according to the text.

A.be likely to have cancerB.find it hard to fall asleep

C.have uncomfortable eyesD.have a cold easily

【2】What does the underlined word “they” refer to?

A.Allergies.B.Parents.C.Genes.D.Points in life.

【3】Which can make us more likely to have allergies when we grow up?

A.Not taking exercise.B.Eating unhealthy food.

C.Not having allergies before.D.Experiencing fewer infections.

【4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Few people are allergic to animals.

B.Parents can’t pass allergies on to their children.

C.People may stop breathing when they have allergies.

D.Modern medicine has no influence on our immune system.

【5】What does the text mainly talk about?

A.How to treat allergies.B.Why people have allergies.

C.When people may have allergies easily.D.What people have done with allergies.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】

這篇短文給我們介紹了什么是過敏以及引起過敏的原因。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing”，可知，一些過敏導致眼睛不舒服，故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。劃線詞所在句的意思是“如果你的父母中有一位患有濕疹或食物過敏，那么你極可能在你生命的某個時刻患過敏癥，他們可能會按照一定的順序發(fā)展……”，可知畫線詞 they指代的是allergies，“過敏癥”。故選A。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Some experts say that if we experience fewer infections when we are young, we are more likely to have allergies when we grow up”可知，如果我們小時候經(jīng)歷的感染較少，長大后更有可能過敏。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing. Others may even make people stop breathing”可知，有的過敏能導致人呼吸停止，C選項符合文意，故選C。根據(jù)短文開頭 “Some people may sneeze after touching a cute dog.”可知A不對；根據(jù)第五段 “You may be at risk for developing allergies yourself at some point in your life if one of your parents has eczema (濕疹) or food allergies”可知B不對；根據(jù)最后一段 “But modern medicine protects us from developing various infections. This breaks the balance. Our immune system becomes more easily affected by allergies.”可知D不對。

【5】主旨大意題。文章前兩段講了過敏的一些癥狀，第三段 “But why do people have allergies?”提出了人們?yōu)槭裁磿�過敏的疑問，接下來便介紹了過敏的幾個原因，比如：基因、小時候較少經(jīng)歷感染、現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥對免疫系統(tǒng)的影響。故本文主要探討了人們患過敏癥的原因，B項符合題意。故選B。

這是一篇說明文，短文介紹了過敏的癥狀以及原因。短文第一、二段主要講述了過敏的癥狀；第三段提出問題“為什么人們會過敏”，下面從三方面給出了解釋。短文主題明確，結構清晰，比較容易理解。題型是閱讀理解，考查學生們通過閱讀短文獲取文章大意以及細節(jié)信息、猜測生詞含義以及進行合理的推測和判斷的能力，是英語測試中的經(jīng)典題型。這個題目中設置了細節(jié)題、推理題和主旨題，考查比較全面。細節(jié)題較簡單，答案�？梢灾苯釉谠�文找到，做題時可根據(jù)題目所問，或利用題干中的關鍵詞在原文進行定位，鎖定答案。如第1小題，題目涉及過敏的癥狀，答案在第一、二段中，由第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing”這句話可知答案。推理題則有一定的難度，答案在原文并沒有直接給出，需要學生們根據(jù)文章線索進行推測。判斷題則需要學生們閱讀文章多處信息，綜合作答。如第4小題，學生們可以將每個選項的內容在原文中找到相應的線索，用排除法作答。