已知函數(shù)y=f(x)的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,且滿足f(x-2)=ax2-(a-3)x+(a-2).
(Ⅰ)求函數(shù)f(x)的解析式;
(Ⅱ)g(x)=f[f(x)],F(xiàn)(x)=pg(x)+f(x),問是否存在p(p<0)使F(x)在區(qū)間(-∞,-3]上是減函數(shù),且在區(qū)間(-3,0)內(nèi)是增函數(shù)?試證明你的結(jié)論.
分析:(1)令x-2=t由整體換元的方法求函數(shù)f(x)的解析式.
(2)先根據(jù)(1)表示出F(x)的解析式,然后假設(shè)存在p使得滿足條件,由減函數(shù)的定義或由減函數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的導(dǎo)數(shù)小于0求出p的值.
解答:解:(Ⅰ)令x-2=t,則x=t+2.
由于f(x-2)=ax
2-(a-3)x+(a-2),
所以f(t)=a(t+2)
2-(a-3)(t+2)+(a-2)
=at
2+3(a+1)t+(3a+4)
∴f(x)=ax
2+3(a+1)x+(3a+4)
∵y=f(x)的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱
∴a≠0且3(a+1)=0,即a=-1
故f(x)=-x
2+1
(Ⅱ)g(x)=f[f(x)]=-(-x
2+1)
2+1
=-x
4+2x
2F(x)=pg(x)+f(x)=-px
4+(2p-1)x
2+1
設(shè)存在p(p<0),使F(x)滿足題目要求,
則當(dāng)-∞<x
1<x
2≤-3時(shí),
F(x)是減函數(shù),即F(x
1)-F(x
2)
=(x
12-x
22)[2p-1-p(x
12+x
22)]>0
由假設(shè)-x
1>-x
2≥3>0,∴x
12>x
22>9
∴2p-1-p(x
12+x
22)>0 ①
又p<0,x
12+x
22>18∴-p(x
12+x
22)>-18p
∴2p-1-p(x
12+x
22)>2p-1-18p=-16p-1
要使①式恒成立,只須-16p-1≥0即p≤
-又當(dāng)-3<x
1<x
2<0時(shí),F(xiàn)(x)是增函數(shù),
即F(x
1)-F(x
2)<0,也就是2p-1-p(x
12+x
22)<0 ②
此時(shí)0<-x
2<-x
1<3.x
12+x
22<18-p(x
12+x
22)<-18p,
2p-1-p(x
12+x
22)<-16p-1
要使②式恒成立,只須-16p-1≤0即p≥
-故存在p=
-滿足題目要求.
另解:依題意F(-3)是F(x)的極小值,∴F′(-3)=0.
∵F'(x)=-4px
3+2(2p-1)x,∴-4p(-3)
3+2(2p-1)(-3)=0,
即
p=-.當(dāng)p=
-時(shí),
F(x)=x4-x2+1,
F′(x)=x3-x=x(x2-9)∴當(dāng)x<-3時(shí),F(xiàn)'(x)<0,F(xiàn)(x)在(-∞,-3]上是減函數(shù);
當(dāng)x∈(-3,0)時(shí),F(xiàn)(x)是增函數(shù).
故存在
p=-滿足題目要求.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查求函數(shù)解析式和根據(jù)函數(shù)單調(diào)性求值的問題.求函數(shù)的解析式時(shí)一般用換元法、湊配法、方程法等.函數(shù)的單調(diào)性經(jīng)常與函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)值的正負(fù)聯(lián)系起來,即當(dāng)導(dǎo)數(shù)大于0時(shí)函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)導(dǎo)數(shù)小于0時(shí)函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減.