已知函數(shù)f(x)=x3-3ax,(a>0).
(1)當(dāng)a=1時(shí),求f(x)的單調(diào)區(qū)間;
(2)求函數(shù)y=f(x)在x∈[0,1]上的最小值.
分析:(1)將a=1代入,求出函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù),利用導(dǎo)數(shù)求出其單調(diào)區(qū)間即可.
(2)求出函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù),利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)在區(qū)間[0,1]上的單調(diào)性,求出最小值即可.本題中導(dǎo)數(shù)帶著參數(shù),故求解時(shí)要對(duì)其范圍進(jìn)行討論.
解答:解:(1)當(dāng)a=1時(shí),f(x)=x
3-3x,所以f'(x)=3x
2-3=3(x+1)(x-1).
令f'(x)=0得x=±1,列表:
x |
(-∞,-1) |
-1 |
(-1,1) |
1 |
(1,+∞) |
f'(x) |
+ |
0 |
- |
0 |
+ |
f(x) |
↗ |
極大值 |
↘ |
極小值 |
↗ |
∴f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是(-∞,-1),(1,+∞);單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是(-1,1)(6分)
(2)由
f(x)=x3-3ax,(a>0),得f′(x)=3x3-3a=3(x+)(x-)∵x∈[0,1]
①當(dāng)0<a<1時(shí),
x |
0 |
(0,) |
|
(,1) |
1 |
f'(x) |
|
- |
0 |
+ |
|
f(x) |
0 |
↗ |
-2a |
↗ |
1-3a |
當(dāng)
x=時(shí),f(x)取得最小值,最小值為
-2a.(9分)
②當(dāng)a≥1時(shí),f'(x)≤0,f(x)在x∈[0,1]上是減函數(shù),當(dāng)x=1時(shí),f(x)取得最小值,最小值為1-3a.
綜上可得:
f(x)min=(12分)
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)在閉區(qū)間上的最值,求解的關(guān)鍵是正確求出函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù),以及根據(jù)參數(shù)的取值范圍及導(dǎo)數(shù)得出函數(shù)的單調(diào)區(qū)間,確定最值的存在位置.列表表示函數(shù)的性質(zhì)比較直觀,解題時(shí)要善于運(yùn)用.