已知{an}是各項(xiàng)均為正數(shù)的等差數(shù)列,lga1、lga2、lga4成等差數(shù)列.又bn=
1
a2n
,n=1,2,3,….
(Ⅰ)證明{bn}為等比數(shù)列;
(Ⅱ)如果無(wú)窮等比數(shù)列{bn}各項(xiàng)的和S=
1
3
,求數(shù)列{an}的首項(xiàng)a1和公差d.
(注:無(wú)窮數(shù)列各項(xiàng)的和即當(dāng)n→∞時(shí)數(shù)列前項(xiàng)和的極限)
分析:(1)設(shè){an}中首項(xiàng)為a1,公差為d.lga1,lga2,lga4成等差數(shù)列,把a(bǔ)1和d代入求得d,進(jìn)而分別看當(dāng)d=0,整理可得
bn+1
bn
=1,進(jìn)而判斷出{bn}為等比數(shù)列;進(jìn)而看d=a1時(shí),整理
bn+1
bn
=
1
2
,判斷出{bn}為等比數(shù)列.
(2)無(wú)窮等比數(shù)列{bn}各項(xiàng)的和S=
1
3
.進(jìn)而求得q和d,根據(jù)等比數(shù)列的前n項(xiàng)的和極限,進(jìn)而得d.
解答:(1)證明:設(shè){an}中首項(xiàng)為a1,公差為d.
∵lga1,lga2,lga4成等差數(shù)列∴2lga2=lga1+lga4∴a22=a1•a4
即(a1+d)2=a1(a1+3d)∴d=0或d=a1
當(dāng)d=0時(shí),an=a1,bn=
1
a2n
=
1
a1
,∴
bn+1
bn
=1,∴{bn}為等比數(shù)列;
當(dāng)d=a1時(shí),an=na1,bn=
1
a2n
=
1
2na1
,∴
bn+1
bn
=
1
2
,∴{bn}為等比數(shù)列.
綜上可知{bn}為等比數(shù)列.
(2)解:∵無(wú)窮等比數(shù)列{bn}各項(xiàng)的和S=
1
3

∴|q|<1,由(1)知,q=
1
2
,d=a1.bn=
1
a2n
=
1
2na1

∴S=
b1
1-q
=
1
a2
1-q
=
1
2a1
1-
1
2
=
1
a1
=
1
3
,∴a1=3.
a1=3
d=3
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查了等比關(guān)系的確定.?dāng)?shù)列與不等式,極限,函數(shù)等知識(shí)是?嫉牡胤,屬于中點(diǎn).
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