Question

    You hear this，“No wonder you are fat．All you ever d0 is eat．”You feel sad．“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”

    Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．

    Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that“80 percent of the children of two fat parents become fat，as compared with no more than 14．percent of the children of two parents of normal weight．”   

    How can obese people become thinner through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are great．

    Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people．They were．given a liquid formula（配方）providing 600 calories a day．After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost on average 45 kg．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained the weight．

    The results were surprising：by metabolic（新陳代謝的）measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or of breaking their diet They were anxious and depressed．Some wanted to kill themselves．They hid food in their rooms．

    Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state lust like that of starved non．obese people．   

    Thin people, however，suffer from the opposite．They have to make a great effort to gain weight  Ethan Sims of the University of Vermont got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months—they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there．

    This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance（遺傳）if they want to significantly 1ower their weight．

    The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range．The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60--69kg without too much effort．But，going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing．the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．

The story is mainly written to       。

    A．point out the relations between our body and mind

    B．warn us it’s extremely harmful to reduce or gain our weight

    C．tell us that it’s difficult to make a significant change in our weight

D．stress that dieting 1s a recommended way to help you reach your desired weight   

Jules Hirsch’s study’found that         ．

     A．big weight loss could lead to mental problems

     B．a(chǎn) person’s weight can be decided by their parents’ weight

     C．only dieting cannot produce a desired result in weight reduction

     D．big efforts to lose weight may result in a weight much heavier than one’s normal weight

From the text，we know that the body can still feel comfortable

     A．when the weight goes up or down by 6 kg

     B．when the weight goes up or down by l0 kg

     C．when the weight is increased by 20 to 25 percent

     D．when the weight is decreased by 20 to 25 percent

What can be inferred from the passage?

     A．When it comes to weight，naturalness is the healthiest

     B．Weight reduction could be both risky and painful．

     C．Seek professional advice when reducing your weight．

     D．There’s no hope and no point in controlling your weight．

Answer 1

【小題1】C

【小題2】A

【小題3】A

【小題4】B

解析:

【小題1】主旨題，本文第二段就指出基因基本上決定了我們的體重，身體會(huì)自動(dòng)維持這個(gè)體重。通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)飲食可以有效減輕或增加體重，但是有可能導(dǎo)致心理問(wèn)題。只要想大幅度調(diào)整體重就要和基因反復(fù)作斗爭(zhēng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)還證明身體有自身認(rèn)為合適的體重范圍（9公斤）。所以C選項(xiàng)最符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)離文章內(nèi)容太遠(yuǎn)；B選項(xiàng)把可能的有害影響夸大了；D選項(xiàng)只強(qiáng)調(diào)了文章的一部分。

【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題，從第五六段可知A正確。B選項(xiàng)是第三段A1bert的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)不符合文章第四段dieting can be effective，而且文章沒(méi)提到其他減肥手段，所以錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)在文章中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，排除掉。

【小題3】主要考查最后兩段文中提到的身體自身認(rèn)為合適的體重范圍（最大9公斤）。體重在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)改變，身體都沒(méi)有不適的反應(yīng)。所以A正確。

【小題4】本題考查歸納總結(jié)和推理判斷能力，本文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)天生的體重就是最健康的，沒(méi)有提體重和健康的關(guān)系，只是說(shuō)大幅度改變體重會(huì)影響健康，所以排除A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)正確，因?yàn)槲闹刑岬降男睦韱?wèn)題會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)，也顯然是痛苦的；C選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)涉及；D選項(xiàng)不符合倒數(shù)第二段的This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight所以錯(cuò)誤。