Question

11．Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假設(shè)），about what is happening．Then he does an experiment to test his theory．If the results are as expected，then the experiment proves the hypothesis which makes it more likely that the theory is correct．If the experiment fails and the results are not as expected，then the scientist must come up with a new theory that he can test．
   In ancient times great thinkers came up with complicated theories to explain nature，but they did not always prove them by experiment．For example，the great Greek thinker Aristotle，had a theory that heavy objects would fall faster than light objects．People believed this until the scientist Galileo performed an experiment and found it was wrong．
    Here's an experiment that you can use to prove or disprove a common-sense theory：
    Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直徑） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．
    Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．
    Step 3：Crumple （壓皺） the paper into a tight wad （塊狀物）．
    Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．
    Construct a theory about what will happen if you put your mouth about a half inch from the neck of the bottle and blow hard towards it．A common-sense theory might be that the wad would be blown into the bottle by the force of the breath．Now do your experiment to see what really happens．
    If your theory was that the wad would be blown by the force of the air into the bottle，the experiment gave you unexpected results．In most cases the wad is blown out of the neck of the bottle in the opposite direction．A new theory might be that the air being blown into the bottle creates a whirlwind （旋風(fēng)） of air currents （氣流） in the closed space which push the wad out．
29．The writer mentions Aristotle's theory to showD．
A．he was a greater thinker in ancient times
B．he was less successful than Galileo
C．objects of different weights fall at the same speed
D．experiments are necessary to support theories
30．According to the passage，what is not required in the four-step experiment？A
A．A pair of scissors．
B．A piece of paper．
C．A bottle．
D．A strong breath．
31．What's the best title for the passage？D
A．Come to Nature with Scientists          
B．Make up a New Theory
C．Experiment with Breath in a Bottle      
D．Watch Out for Common Sense．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一片說明文；這篇短文主要講述了如何使用科學(xué)的方法做實驗．

解答 29．D 推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章第一段前兩句"Scientists study the natural world by using"scientific method"．When a scientist observes some phenomenon in nature，he develops an idea，called a theory or hypothesis （假設(shè)is ha．"當(dāng)一個科學(xué)家研究自然世界通過使用"科學(xué)方法"觀察一些現(xiàn)象，他發(fā)展一個想法，稱為理論或假說．故選D．
30．A細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第二段的四個步驟"Step 1：Get an empty bottle with a small neck．A diameter （直徑） of 1/2 inch should be ideal．步驟1：用一個小的頸部的一個空瓶子，直徑（直徑）1/2英寸應(yīng)該是理想的．Step 2：Cut a sheet of paper to a square 5 inches on each si de．把一張紙剪成正方形，每英寸5英寸．Step 3：Crumple （壓皺） the paper into a tight wad （塊狀物）．步驟3：起皺（壓皺）紙成緊（塊狀物）．Step 4：Lay the bottle on its side and place the paper so it lies loosely in the neck of the bottle．"步驟4：把瓶子放在旁邊，把紙放在瓶子的頸部．可知不需要剪刀，故選A．
31．D 主旨題．根據(jù)文章可知，這篇短文主要講述了如何使用科學(xué)的方法做實驗．注意常識符合題意．故選D．

點評 做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．