科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、、C、D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36 springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert . The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 38 land. In the early days of the American West , gun fights were not 39 for the water resources (資源). And laws had to be 40 to protect the water rights of the 41 and the use of the water resources accordingly.
42 is known to us all, there is not 43 water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes . Deciding on the 44 of water that will be used in any particular period 45 careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more 46 . Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water 47 the water supply forecast (預報).
The 48 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 49 than from the below. Interest is 50 in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods, and to get water from the winter snow on mountain 51 . With special equipment , some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 52 , and with the help of a repeater station , they send the 53 data (數(shù)據(jù)) to the base station . The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by 54 a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water __55_ probably depend on the advanced knowledge of snow on mountains, not of water underground.
A. Using B. Holding C. Owning D. Finding
A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild
A. fine B. beautiful C. rich D. farming
A. unlawful B. unacceptable C. unpopular D. uncommon
A. made B. designed C. signed D. written
A. winners B. settlers C. fighters D. supporters
A. That B. It C. What D. As
A. plentiful B. enough C. any D. much
A. type B. quality C. amount D. level
A. requests B. requires C. means D. suggests
A. effectively B. easily C. conveniently D. actively
A. leading to B. due to C. owing to D. according to
A. correct B. further C. average D. early
A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above
A. raising B. rising C. building D. lasting
A. rocks B. tips C. tops D. trees
A. taken care of B. made use of C. piled up D. saved up
A. picked B. produced C. used D. gathered
A. touching B. knocking C. pressing D. turning
A. might B. can C. will D. should
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆黑龍江齊齊哈爾實驗中學高三三模英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Still waiting for little green men to make contact? Don't hold your breath.
A leading astronomer has concluded there probably aren't any aliens out there – meaning we are absolutely alone in the universe.
Even though there may be tens of thousands of other distant planets similar in size to Earth, the conditions on them are likely to be too hard to support life-forms such as ET.
Dr Howard Smith, a senior astrophysicist at Harvard University, believes there is very little hope of discovering aliens and, even if we did, it would be almost impossible to make contact.
So far astronomers have discovered a total of 500 planets in distant solar systems – known as extrasolar systems – although they believe billions of others exist.
But Dr Smith points out that many of these planets are either too close to the sun or too far away, meaning their surface temperatures are so bad that they could not support life. Others have unusual orbits which cause vast temperature variations, making it impossible for water to exist – the most important thing for life.
Dr Smith said, "We have found that most other planets and solar systems are wildly different from our own. It means it is highly unlikely there are any planets with intelligent life close enough for us to make contact." But his suggestions contradict other leading scientists who have claimed aliens almost certainly exist.
Only last month Professor Stephen Hawking said the fact that there are billions of galaxies out there made it reasonable to think there were other life-forms in the universe.
Researchers from the University of London have recently suggested that aliens could be living on as many as 40,000 other planets. But Dr Smith said: "Any hope of contact has to be limited to a relatively tiny space around the Earth, reaching maybe 1,250 light years out from our planet, where aliens might be able to pick up our signals or send us their own. But communicating would still take decades or centuries."
【小題1】By saying ＂don’t hold your breath＂, the author advised the reader not to _____.
| A．keep silent | B．give up | C．expect so | D．be afraid |
| A．a(chǎn)re too far away from the earth |
| B．a(chǎn)re different from the Earth in size |
| C．don’t have rich natural resources |
| D．don’t have a suitable living environment |
| A．they have better explanations about aliens |
| B．a(chǎn)liens certainly exist on many planets |
| C．they disagree with Dr Smith’s suggestion |
| D．a(chǎn)liens can pick up signals from the earth |
| A．There must be other life forms in the universe. |
| B．We can communicate with aliens in decades. |
| C．The chances of finding aliens are slight. |
| D．Many other planets are quite different from the Earth. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆江西省白鷺洲中學高三上學期第一次月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
Pushy parents and teachers who “hothouse” the under-5s risk causing damage to the children’s long term development, a leading education expert said.
Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading and writing went on to perform worse academically than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four years later.
The findings suggest that the government's structured approach to early years' learning could be storing up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read by the age of 6.
In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social and manual skills. Children start learning to read and write at 6 in the United States, France and Germany, and at 7 in Finland and Sweden.
Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were "boring children to tears". Much academic teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching in reception class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments and asking questions.
"Research suggests the benefits of formal academic instruction for four- and five-year-olds seem to be promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long term. When these children are followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction." She advocates teaching children through first-hand experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom.
【小題1】According to the passage, those who “hothouse” the under-5s would probably _________.
| A．prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teaching |
| B．teach in a lively way to motivate kids’ interest |
| C．push the kids to memorize pieces of information |
| D．care about the kids’ physical development |
| A．did better than | B．looked down upon |
| C．caught up with | D．performed worse than |
| A．is necessary for improving children’s reading and writing ability |
| B．needs to be improved to develop children’s academic ability |
| C．will cause problems to children in their future learning |
| D．has more advantages than disadvantages |
| A．can start at different times in different countries. | B．should not be started too early |
| C．is best carried out in Finland and Sweden | |
| D．should include teaching children social and manual skills |
| A．Children should be taught through first-hand experience. |
| B．Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children. |
| C．Running a shop can help children get good marks. |
| D．Puppet shows and drawing are useful in teaching children. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆重慶市高三第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破產(chǎn)) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.
Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency (自滿) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak predicted that digital photography would overtake film (膠片) — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.
“It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future”, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.
Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets (資產(chǎn)) into the new businesses.
Although Kodak predicted the unavoidable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企業(yè)的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.
Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.
1.What do we learn about Kodak?
A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
B. It is approaching its downfall.
C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.
D. It is playing a dominant role in the film market.
2.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?
A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.
B. To show its effort to overcome complacency.
C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.
D. To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.
3.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?
A. They find it costly to give up their existing assets.
B. They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.
C. They are unwilling to invest in new technology.
D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
4.What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?
A. A burden. B. A mirror. C. A joke. D. A challenge.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆山西太原第五中學高三上期10月月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物學)testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好戰(zhàn)分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（證詞） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辯護） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（倫理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監(jiān)督機構）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（確認）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保護者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（藥品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
1._____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．
A．Huntingdon Life Sciences B．Improvement in technologies
C．Animal-fights militants D．Scientists Alan and Thomas
2.Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____．
A．a(chǎn)nimals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing
B．a(chǎn)nimals should enjoy equal rights with human beings
C．a(chǎn)nimals should live wildly and freely
D．we should protect animals from being killed casually
3.From the passage，we can find _____．
A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly
B．a(chǎn)nimal substitutes are not preferable
C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing
D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Saving animals and people．
B．The new trend in toxicology testing
C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature
D．New technology changes the fate of animals
5.The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____．
A．a(chǎn)rbitrary（武斷的，隨意的） B．pessimistic
C．indifferent（不關心的 ） D．optimistic
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