17．People with mentally taxing jobs，including lawyers and graphic designers，may end up having better memory in old age，research suggests．
A study of more than 1，000Scottish 70-year-olds found that those who had had complex jobs scored better on memory and thinking tests．
One theory is that a more stimulating environment helps build up a"cognitive reserve"to help buffer the brain against age-related decline．The research was reported in Neurology．
The team，from Heriot-Watt University，in Edinburgh，is now planning more work to look at how lifestyle and work interact to affect memory loss．Those taking part in the study took tests designed to assess memory，processing speed and general thinking ability，as well as filling in a questionnaire about their working life．
The analysis showed that those whose jobs had required complex skills in dealing with data or people，such as management and teaching，had better scores on memory and thinking tests than those who had done less mentally intense jobs such as factory workers，bookbinders，or carpet layers．
While the study did not look at biological reasons for the protective effect of certain jobs，potential explanations include that structural changes within the brain mean less damage is accumulated over time．
Study leader Dr Alan Gow said："Our findings have helped to identify the kinds of job demands that preserve memory and thinking later on．""However，"He added，"while it is true that people who have higher cognitive abilities are more likely to get more complex jobs，there still seems to be a small advantage gained from these complex jobs for later thinking skills．"
Dr Simon Ridley，head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK，said the study added to the growing evidence about factors that affected brain health as we aged．
"Keeping the brain active throughout life could be helpful and different types of work may play a role．However，it's important to note that this study points to a small and subtle association between occupation and later-life cognition rather than offering proof that people's occupation has a direct influence．"

36．According to the research，who may have the best memory in old age？B
A．Taxi drivers．
B．Computer programmers．
C．Supermarket cashiers．
D．Motor mechanics．
37．Which of the following about the research work is TRUE？D
A．The research team studied both environmental and biological factors．
B．The researchers filled in a questionnaire about their working life．
C．The research objects included people from various jobs and of different ages．
D．The research is helpful to the study of brain health and is still under way．
38．What Dr Alan Gow said implies thatC．
A．their findings are helpful to identifying the kinds of job demands
B．people who do more complex jobs may benefit later thinking skills greatly
C．there exist links between job demands and preservation of memory
D．he didn't confirm the links between complex jobs and later thinking skills
39．We can learn from Dr Simon Ridley thatA．
A．different occupations may make a difference in keeping the brain active
B．people's occupation has a direct influence on later-life cognition
C．the study added more evidence about the factors affecting aging
D．the study denied the association between jobs and later-life memory
40．What is the best title of the passage？B
A．Aging affects brain health           
B．Complex jobs may protect memory
C．Occupations influence aging         
D．Complex jobs demand complex skills．

分析 研究表明從事腦力工作者在年老時，有更好的記憶力．這項研究對大腦健康的研究有幫助，并且還在進(jìn)行中．

解答 36．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段：People with mentally taxing jobs，including lawyers and graphic designers，may end up having better memory in old age，research suggests．得知研究表明從事腦力工作者在年老時，有更好的記憶力．A．Taxi drivers．出租車司機(jī) B．Computer programmers．電腦程序員C．Supermarket cashiers．超市收銀員 D．Motor mechanics．汽車修理工．故選B．
37．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段得知這項研究對大腦健康的研究有幫助，并且還在進(jìn)行中． 故選D．
38．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)Study leader Dr Alan Gow said："Our findings have helped to identify the kinds of job demands that preserve memory and thinking later on．"．得知Alan博士認(rèn)為工作需要和保護(hù)記憶之間存在聯(lián)系．故選C．
39．A．推理判斷題．根據(jù)Dr Simon Ridley，head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK，said the study added to the growing evidence about factors that affected brain health as we aged．"Keeping the brain active throughout life could be helpful and different types of work may play a role．得知西蒙博士認(rèn)為不同的工種對保持大腦活躍有不同的影響．故選A．
40．B．最佳標(biāo)題題．本文主要講述了從事復(fù)雜的工作更容易保護(hù)人們的記憶力．故選B．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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