Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.

One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.

1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the second study?

A. Children’s IQs have much to do with physical punishment.

B. The study is about violence and cooperation of children.

C. The children tested were divided into groups of four.

D. Children’s mental development only relies on their IQs.

2. What does the underlined word “spanked” refer to?

A. punished B. blamed C. tested D. praised

3.What might be the best title for the text?

A. The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior

B. Punishment Is the Best Way of Education

C. Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior

D. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

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根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

How You Can Be Calm Even When Things Get Rough

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閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

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書面表達

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注意：

1．詞數(shù)100左右；

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參考詞匯：lose one's temper 發(fā)脾氣

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What is an Oyster card?

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£ 2. 70 at all other times including public holidays

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學年江蘇淮陰中學高二上第二次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：其他題

完成句子。根據(jù)句意和漢語、首字母提示，在橫線上填入最適合的單詞。每空一詞。請在答題紙上寫出完整單詞。

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2.With a large amount of work___________(remain) to be done, the chief manager couldn’t spare time for a holiday.

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4.________________quickly are science and technology advancing that what is a possibility today may be a reality tomorrow.

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----Tiring! The road is being widened, and we___________(have) a rough time.

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句意：他們現(xiàn)在為莎士比亞戲劇的改編本付一萬美元。Those后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。故填adaptations。

8.Most of these are consumer goods to be____________(分銷) to shops locally and nationwide.

9.The beautiful girl finally decided to live on an island, which was____________________(可到達的) only by boat.

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短文改錯

文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞 注意： 只改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Dear Manager，

I am an exchange student from the UK. Yesterday, I went to your cinema to see a film. The film was very well, but I did not enjoy it because there were some problem in the cinema.

First, the film was delayed as there were so much advertisements at the beginning. It was rather annoyed. Second, the sound of the film was too loud that I could hardly bear. The EXIT sign could not be seen clearly, which presented lots of potential safety dangers. If something terribly should happen, it will be difficult for people to get out quickly.

As a visitor to your city, I'm disappointed with my experience in your cinema. I am writing a letter in the hope that you can consider about these problems and make some improvement.

Yours faithfully，

Jack

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