3．It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence．There are some other important ways we shape our kids-particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words．For example，we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me．"In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively，and to feel confident in a wide range of situations，because they know what to do，and aren't scaring themselves about what not to do．
Actually，it is all in the way the human mind works．What we think，we automatically rehearse（預(yù)演）．For example，if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes，you wouldn't be able to do it．When a child is told"Don't fall off the tree，"he will think of two things："don't"and"fall off the tree"．That is，he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind．A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off．So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully"．
Clear，positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things．Kids do not always know how to be safe，or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words．So parents should make their commands positive．"Sam，hold on firm to the side of the boat"is much more useful than"Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？"or worse still"How do you think I'll feel if you drown？"The changes are small but difference is obvious．
Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words，so it pays to be positive．

32．Positive choice of words helps kids toA．
A．build up their confidence          
B．learn in different situations
C．improve their imagination           
D．do things carefully
33．What can we infer from Paragraph 2？B
A．A child will act on what is instructed．
B．One can't help imagining what is heard．
C．A child will fall off the tree when told not to．
D．One won't think of a blue monkey when given money．
34．Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe？C
A．How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt？
B．Don't play by the lake．
C．Fasten your seat belt．
D．Don't you dare to walk through the red light？
35．The main idea of the passage is thatD．
A．praise makes kids confident         
B．right instructions keep kids safe
C．clear commands make kids different 
 D．positive instructions guide kids．

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀，作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了決定孩子自信的不僅是表?yè)P(yáng)和懲罰，還有一些重要的方式來(lái)塑造我們的孩子．

解答 32．A．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively，and to feel competent in a wide range of situations可知積極的選擇幫助孩子建立自信；故選A．
33．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off．So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully可知孩子們會(huì)想象聽(tīng)到的畫(huà)面；故選B．
34．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段For example，we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me．"In using the latter，you will be helping your kids to think and act positively可知請(qǐng)系好安全帶這種命令能幫助孩子們安全；故選C．
35．D．主旨大意題．根據(jù)最后一段Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words，so it pays to be positive可知最佳標(biāo)題為積極的話語(yǔ)可以引導(dǎo)孩子的發(fā)展；故選D．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題．做題時(shí)學(xué)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀原文，把握文章主要內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系文章上下文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)含義，從中選出正確答案，一定要做到有理有據(jù)，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)．

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