Question

11．The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought，a report suggests．The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak，learn and think．Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security，it says．And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds．The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment-a key theory in child development and psychology．This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded．
The report from the Sutton Trust education charity，entitled Baby Bonds，makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being．It is based on an analysis of more than 100studies on the issue，including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries．The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory，it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment．And it asks them to take this into account．The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds-known as secure attachment-they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school．
And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life，with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training．They are also more likely to suffer from aggression，defiance and hyperactivity later in life．
The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents．Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found，from their observations，that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations．She added："Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior．Shouting，looking out of the window，hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning．It's really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents．"
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said："Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility，as there is such a clear link to education，behavior and future employment．The educational divide emerges early in life，with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five．
This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children's life chances．"More support from health visitors，children's centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap．"

The Sutton Trust study
Introduction	The study reveals children's early attachment to parents （71）largely/greatly affects their ability to speak，learn and think．
Method of the study	Researchers （72）analyzed/analysed more than 100case studies on the issue through visiting homes，assessing children and （73）observingchildren．
Statistics of the study	•In the UK，only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents． •In other countries where the studies were carried out，the numbers are quite （74）close．
Negative effects of insecure （75）attachment	•A （76）lack of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children． At the age of five，the （77）biggest school readiness gap between children can be 19months． •Without secure attachment，future life difficulties such as quitting school，（78）hiding/escaping from work and other emotional issues would emerge．
The significance of parental attachment	Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people's social （79）status because it narrows children's school readiness gap and it improves children's life chances．
Suggestion	A （80）combined/joint effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀．文章主要介紹了一個(gè)孩子與父母不安全的依附關(guān)系對(duì)于孩子的教育，包括他們的說話，學(xué)習(xí)和思考能力有著很大的影響．研究者們通過走訪家庭，評(píng)估和觀察許多孩子，對(duì)100多個(gè)案例進(jìn)行了分析．結(jié)果表明：和父母之間有更好的安全的依附關(guān)系有助于社會(huì)地位的變化，可以提高孩子的社會(huì)地位．因此研究者們號(hào)召人們共同努力來幫助孩子父母加強(qiáng)與孩子的安全的依附關(guān)系，以減少教育差異．

解答 71．largely/greatly 信息提取題．根據(jù)第一段The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought，a report suggests．可知一個(gè)孩子與父母不安全的依附關(guān)系對(duì)于孩子的教育，包括他們的說話，學(xué)習(xí)和思考能力有著很大的影響．因此填入副詞largely/greatly作狀語．故填 largely/greatly．
72．a(chǎn)nalyzed/analysed 信息提取題．根據(jù)第二段It is based on an analysis of more than 100studies on the issue，including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries．可知研究者們通過走訪家庭，評(píng)估和觀察許多孩子，對(duì)100多個(gè)案例進(jìn)行了分析．故填analyzed/analysed．
73．observing 信息提取題．根據(jù)第二段It is based on an analysis of more than 100studies on the issue，including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries．可知研究者們通過走訪家庭，評(píng)估和觀察許多孩子，對(duì)100多個(gè)案例進(jìn)行了分析．此處應(yīng)該填observations的動(dòng)詞形式．故填observing．
74．close 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題．根據(jù)第四段that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations．中的"between 38% and 42%"可知，這些數(shù)字很接近．故填close．
75．a(chǎn)ttachment 信息提取題．根據(jù)第二段The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds-known as secure attachment-they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school．及本空右欄的內(nèi)容可知，不安全的依附關(guān)系會(huì)給孩子帶來負(fù)面的影響．本空應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，attachment表示"依附，依戀"符合語境．故填attachment．
76．lack 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題．根據(jù)第二段The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds-known as secure attachment-they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school．可知這種與父母安全感紐帶的缺失會(huì)影響到學(xué)前兒童的語言和行為能力．故填lack．
77．biggest 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題．根據(jù)第五段with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five．可知這種與父母之間的不安全的依附關(guān)系對(duì)于孩子會(huì)造成教育差距，在五歲時(shí)可以多達(dá)到19個(gè)月．故填biggest．
78．hiding/escaping 信息轉(zhuǎn)換題．根據(jù)第三段with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training．可知缺乏與父母的安全的依附關(guān)系，孩子更容易在將來輟學(xué)，逃避工作或訓(xùn)練等．故填hiding/escaping．
79．status 信息提取題．根據(jù)第五段Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility，as there is such a clear link to education，behavior and future employment．可知和父母之間有更好的安全的依附關(guān)系有助于社會(huì)地位的變化，可以提高孩子的社會(huì)地位．故填status．
80．combined/joint 信息提取題．根據(jù)第六段中的內(nèi)容可知，研究者們號(hào)召人們共同努力來幫助孩子父母加強(qiáng)與孩子的安全的依附關(guān)系，以減少教育差異．因此填入分詞combined/joint作定語．故填combined/joint．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文考察學(xué)生的信息提取與信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力，只要抓住文章的關(guān)鍵詞，采用尋讀的方法查找細(xì)節(jié)，就能找到正確答案．