Question

【題目】 Living with your parents has its benefits at least when it comes to raising your kids― their grandkids. Two new studies add to the evidence that grandmothers can enhance the survival of grandchildren. That is, unless grandma's too old or lives too far away.

Humans are unusual in that the females live long past the age at which they stop having babies. Patrick Bergeron, professor of biology at Bishop's University in Quebec, said that most of the organisms will reproduce up to their very last moment. This increase is often explained by the so-called "grandmother effect". He thinks there could still be a benefit for women who stop having babies to increase their genetic footprint by helping their daughters to raise larger families.

To explore the "grandmother effect" hypothesis （假設(shè)），Bergeron and his colleagues examined nearly 200 years' worth of French-Canadian population records from the 17th and 18th centuries. "At the time, life was tough. In some years, a third o the kids were not even making it to one year of age.” But the researchers found that having a grandmother still alive was a definite plus."Families with grandmothers alive were larger by about two and the survival of these grandchildren to age 15 was much improved."

This beneficial effect was only seen when the matriarchs （女家長(zhǎng)）lived nearby. That role is tougher for them to fulfills as they get older in poor health, which brings us to the second study. The researchers found that the benefits associated with having a grandmother on hand depended on her age. Once manna hit 75, the grandchild survival benefit disappeared. This was almost certainly due to some form of indirect resource competition, though, rather than wickedness （邪惡）on the part of co- resident grandmothers.

So a healthy grandma helps make for a healthy grandchild. If ',over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house" isn't too long a trip.

【1】What's the second paragraph mainly about?

A.Differences between animals and human beings.

B.Disadvantages of living with grandmas

C.Grandmothers' influence on the kids.

D.What's called“grandmother effect”.

【2】How does the writer describe about the French-Canadian population more than three hundred years ago?

A.By voicing opinions.B.By providing facts.

C.By giving examples.D.By telling stories.

【3】What can we infer from the second study?

A.Society should be concerned about the old women.

B.Grandmothers over 75 years old are unwilling to help.

C.Some grandmothers may occupy kids' relative recourses.

D.Some grandmothers are getting wicked after they are old.

【4】Which of the following can be the most helpful grandmother according to the passage?

A.A healthy one living nearby. ,

B.A healthy one living abroad.

C.An old one living in a nursing home.

D.A knowledgeable one living together.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

本文為議論文。文章論述了什么是“祖母效應(yīng)”，以及“祖母效應(yīng)”對(duì)子孫輩的好處。

【1】主旨大意題。分析第二段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要敘述了人類的不同尋常之處在于，雌性的壽命遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了停止生育的年齡。大多數(shù)生物會(huì)一直繁殖到生命的最后一刻。Patrick Bergeron，魁北克Bishop大學(xué)的生物學(xué)教授說(shuō)。生育后壽命的延長(zhǎng)通�？梢杂谩白婺感�應(yīng)”來(lái)解釋。他認(rèn)為，對(duì)于那些停止生育的女性仍然可以通過(guò)幫助女兒組建更大的家庭來(lái)增加她們的基因足跡。由此可知，本段主要對(duì)于什么是“祖母效應(yīng)”進(jìn)行了解釋和說(shuō)明。故本題選D。

【2】推理判斷題。第三段Bergeron and his colleagues examined nearly 200 years' worth of French-Canadian population records from the 17th and 18th centuries. "At the time, life was tough. In some years, a third of the kids were not even making it to one year of age.” But the researchers found that having a grandmother still alive was a definite plus. "Families with grandmothers alive were larger by about two and the survival of these grandchildren to age 15 was much improved." Brgeron和他的同事研究了17和18世紀(jì)(三百多年前)近200年的法裔加拿大人口記錄。當(dāng)時(shí)的生活很艱難。那些年里三分之一的孩子甚至活不到一歲。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一位仍然健在的祖母無(wú)疑是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)�！坝凶婺傅募彝タ赡芤�多活兩歲左右，這些孫輩活到15歲的幾率大大提高”由此可知，本段以三百年前的法裔加拿大人的事實(shí)（具體的數(shù)據(jù)）為依據(jù)說(shuō)明有祖母的好處。故選B 。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段... The researchers found that the benefits associated with having a grandmother on hand depended on her age. Once manna hit 75, the grandchild survival benefit disappeared. This was almost certainly due to some form of indirect resource competition, ... 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有祖母在身邊的好處取決于她的年齡，一旦祖母到了75歲，孫輩的生存福利就消失了。 這幾乎可以肯定是由于某種形式的間接資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。由此可推斷出，當(dāng)祖母老了，有些祖母可能會(huì)占用孩子相關(guān)的資源。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段So a healthy grandma helps make for a healthy grandchild. If ',over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house" isn't too long a trip.”所以一個(gè)健康的奶奶有助于一個(gè)健康的孫子。如果“過(guò)河穿過(guò)樹(shù)林到外婆家”不是一次很長(zhǎng)的旅行。文事的“過(guò)河穿過(guò)樹(shù)林到外婆家”意味著離外婆家不遠(yuǎn)。由以上的內(nèi)容可推斷出，一個(gè)健康的且住在附近不遠(yuǎn)的祖母對(duì)于一個(gè)健康的孫子來(lái)說(shuō)很有幫助。故選A。