Question

【題目】請閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

Generally speaking,people often return to a set level of happiness despite life's ups and downs,For instance,people who win the lottery tend to return to roughly their original levels of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off.The same-is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs.The change in ability can be damaging at first,but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period.This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation,a concept studied by positive psychology researchers.

There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation.Some of these activities are known as pleasures.They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful,but their effects can be relatively a short time.What's more,we get used to them relatively quickly.If you have the same meal every day for a week,for example,you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Gratifications(滿足）are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation.They can get us into a feeling of"flow”where we don't notice the passage of time,and where we're thoroughly engaged in what we're doing.Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought,but the payoff is higher as well The more we engage,the more we enjoy!

Knowing that pleasures don't last long in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than gratifications.There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations,however.First,they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort.This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in mood can lead to chain reaction of positive feelings.Second, gratifications do take more effort,so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy,pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.

Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in lie.For example,be sure to make time for hobbies!It doesn't really matter what the hobby is;as long as it's one you enjoy,you'll benefit from it,and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life.It's also a good idea to help other people. This can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness.Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life.So at the end of the day,a few days, a week,write about three things you enjoyed that day.Then,you'll be reliving these positive experience as you write about them,and can relive them again when you read.

Hedonic Adaptation
Concept of hedonic adaptation	Hedonic adaptation refers to people's general tendency to return to a set level of 【1】despite life's ups and downs.
Two kinds of activities influenced by hedonic adaptations	●Pleasures are activities whose positive effects are 【2】，and our adaptation to them is also gone fast. ●Gratifications are activities that take us more effort but can bring more 【3】results. In other words, compared with pleasures, they are more【4】to the effects of hedonic adaptation.
Advantages of pleasures over gratifications	●Pleasures not only can lift our moods quickly but also are relatively 【5】 ●Pleasures are a better-choice when we're too【6】or worn out.
Tips of 【7】 the effects of hedonic	●Take up hobbies that 【8】to you whatever they are. ●Do others a favor and it can make you live more 【9】 ●Enjoy your positive experiences by taking a regular【10】about adaptation them.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】happiness/joy/delight/pleasure

【2】tentative

【3】lasting

【4】resistant/immune

【5】easier

【6】busy/occupied /engaged

【7】reducing/easing/relieving/ lessening/softening

【8】appeal

【9】meaningfully

【10】journal

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一個(gè)由積極心理學(xué)研究人員研究的概念：享樂適應(yīng)現(xiàn)象。

【1】

考查名詞。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞Concept of hedonic adaptation可以定位到文章的第一段第一句Generally speaking, people often return to a set level of happiness despite life's ups and downs一般來說，人們經(jīng)�；氐揭粋�(gè)設(shè)定的幸福水平，盡管生活的起起伏伏，結(jié)合文章原句，此處填happiness。同時(shí)可以考慮其近義詞joy/delight/pleasure，故填happiness/joy/delight/pleasure.

【2】

考查名詞。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞Two kinds of activities influenced by hedonic adaptations定位到文章第二段第一句There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. 有些活動或多或少受到享樂適應(yīng)的影響。結(jié)合第二、三句Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful, but their effects can be relatively a short time. 其中一些活動被稱為愉悅，它們可以提升你的情緒，讓你感覺很棒，但它們的效果可能相對較短。由此可知，這些被稱為愉悅的活動受到享樂適應(yīng)的影響是短暫的，暫時(shí)的。據(jù)此可以填出單詞tentative短暫的，暫時(shí)的。故填tentative。

【3】

考查形容詞。根據(jù)第二段第六、七、八句Gratifications(滿足）are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of"flow”where we don't notice the passage of time, and where we're thoroughly engaged in what we're doing. Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well The more we engage, the more we enjoy!滿足也是受享樂適應(yīng)影響的活動，它們能讓我們進(jìn)入一種“心流”的感覺，在這種感覺中，我們沒有注意到時(shí)間的流逝，我們完全沉浸在我們正在做的事情中。滿足是需要更多努力和思考的活動，但回報(bào)也更高，我們參與的越多，我們就越享受！由此可以得出，滿足受到享樂適應(yīng)的影響，同時(shí)需要更多的努力和思考的活動，但回報(bào)也更高，我們就會完全沉浸在我們正在做的事情中。這種滿足感是“心流”的感覺，是可以持續(xù)很久的。故填lasting。

【4】

考查形容詞。結(jié)合第二段的解釋，可知，滿足感雖然受到享樂適應(yīng)的影響，但帶來的滿足感是可以持續(xù)的，因而，享樂適應(yīng)帶給滿足感的影響近乎于沒有。也就是說，比較愉悅所受到享樂適應(yīng)的影響而言，滿足感對享樂適應(yīng)是免疫的。故填resistant/immune。

【5】

考查形容詞。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞Advantages of pleasures over gratifications，定位到文章第三段。結(jié)合第二、三句There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, however. First, they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort. 有很多原因可以解釋為什么它們在某些情況下是完美的，但是，首先，它們不費(fèi)吹灰之力，就能讓人心情大好。據(jù)此，可以知道，愉悅能讓人心情大好，是不費(fèi)吹灰之力就可以獲得的。故填easier。

【6】

考查形容詞。結(jié)合第三段最后一句Second, gratifications do take more effort, so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option. 其次，滿足確實(shí)需要更多的努力，所以當(dāng)你只有幾分鐘或者非常有限的精力時(shí)，快樂通常是更簡單和更容易獲得的選擇。據(jù)此可以得出，快樂是當(dāng)你非常忙或者精力有限時(shí)，是更簡單和更容易獲得的選擇。故填busy/occupied /engaged。

【7】

考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in lie.值得慶幸的是，我們可以做些事情來擺脫享樂適應(yīng)的限制性影響，從事能夠在謊言中創(chuàng)造更大幸福水平的活動。可知，本句為段落的中心句。因而本段主要說明的是一些幫助擺脫享樂適應(yīng)的限制性影響的方法和建議。結(jié)合空白前為介詞，可知此處要填動名詞。故填reducing/easing/relieving/ lessening/softening。

【8】

考查動詞。根據(jù)最后一段For example, be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesn't really matter what the hobby is; as long as it's one you enjoy, you'll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. 例如，一定要騰出時(shí)間發(fā)展愛好! 愛好是什么并不重要，只要是你喜歡的，你就會從中受益，這些益處將延伸到你的余生�？芍�，只要愛好是你喜歡的，你就會從中受益，這些益處將延伸到你的余生。這個(gè)愛好就是讓你感興趣的事情。故填appeal。

【9】

考查副詞。結(jié)合最后一段It's also a good idea to help other people. This can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness. 幫助別人也是個(gè)好主意。 這會給你的生活帶來更大的意義，從而創(chuàng)造更大的幸福�？芍�，幫助別人是很有意義的。故填meaningfully。

【10】

考查名詞。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句話Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days, a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then, you'll be reliving these positive experience as you write about them, and can relive them again when you read. 享受你的積極體驗(yàn)也是最大化你生活中積極面的好方法。所以在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，幾天，一周，寫下你當(dāng)天喜歡的三件事。然后，當(dāng)你寫下這些積極的經(jīng)歷時(shí)，你會再次體驗(yàn)它們，當(dāng)你閱讀時(shí)，你會再次體驗(yàn)它們。據(jù)此可以得出，享受你的積極體驗(yàn)的方式就是記錄下自己的日志，當(dāng)這些日志再次被讀起來時(shí)，會給你再次體會的感覺。故填journal。