【題目】 Mercury(水星) is the closest planet to the sun. It is a planet slightly larger than the Earth’s moon. It is covered in craters. Some craters have ice in them, even though the planet is hot. Sunlight never touches some parts because of the planet’s special position. Without air, there are great temperature differences between the coldest and hottest parts. Mercury days are so long that there are big differences between temperatures on the daylight side and the night side.

Mercury was created billions of years ago, when big rocks ran into each other. After these accidents, the planet was frequently visited by meteorites (流星) for several hundred million years. There were also many volcanic eruptions. As the planet cooled, the thin, rocky outside shell reduced in diameter(直徑) by about 3 kilometers.

The Caloris Basin is one of the largest craters on Mercury. This big crater is 1, 300 kilometers wide and was formed when a large rock, about 100 kilometers across, knocked into the surface. Beethoven, another large crater, is 643 kilometers across.

The cliffs on Mercury are up to 2 kilometers high and hundreds of kilometers long. The cliffs were formed when the thin surface fell apart, as volcanic activity slowed down and Mercury became cooler.

One Mercury day lasts about 59 Earth days. Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have a complete year, instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth. Mercury speeds around the sun so that there are three Mercury days every two Mercury years! Mercury has a strange relationship with the Earth. Every 117 days, when Mercury is closest to the Earth, it always has the same side facing us.

Mariner 10 is the only spacecraft to visit Mercury. It made three visits to Mercury in, the 1970s, taking photos of many cliffs and craters. Although the first three visits answered many questions, they have raised others.

【1】What is the surface of Mercury like?

A.It’s generally flat.B.It’s hot everywhere.

C.It’s bright everywhere.D.It’s cold in some parts.

【2】Why did Mercury’s diameter get smaller?

A.A drop in temperature changed its size.

B.A great many meteorites ran into it.

C.It got out of shape as time passed.

D.Lots of surface rocks fell off.

【3】What do we know about Mercury?

A.One Mercury day lasts about 88 Earth days.

B.It turns around the sun faster than the Earth.

C.Six Mercury days are two Mercury years.

D.It has more cliffs than large craters.

【4】What happened after Mariner 10’s three visits to Mercury?

A.Another spacecraft visited Mercury.

B.New cliffs and craters were formed.

C.New signs of volcanic activity appeared.

D.Lots of new puzzles needed to be solved.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了水星的相關信息以及人類對于水星的探索。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“It is covered in craters. Some craters have ice in them, even though the planet is hot.( 它被隕石坑覆蓋著。有些隕石坑里有冰，盡管地球很熱。)”以及“Without air, there are great temperature differences between the coldest and hottest parts.( 沒有空氣，最冷和最熱的部分之間有很大的溫差。)”可知，水星有些隕石坑里有冰，這些部分應該比較寒冷，最冷和最熱部分同時并存。故選D項。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾內(nèi)容“As the planet cooled, the thin, rocky outside shell reduced in diameter by about 3 kilometers.( 當行星冷卻時，外殼外的薄巖石直徑縮小了約3公里。)”可知，直徑縮小是由于該行星的溫度下降導致。故選A項。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第段內(nèi)容“Mercury takes about 88 Earth days to have a complete year, instead of the 365 days that we have on the Earth.( 水星大約需要88個地球日才有一個完整的一年，而不是我們在地球上的365天。)”可知，水星的一年為88天，即圍繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)一周的時間為88天，因此可以推知，水星的公轉(zhuǎn)速度比地球快。故選B項。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末尾句內(nèi)容“Although the first three visits answered many questions, they have raised others.( 雖然前三次訪問回答了許多問題，但也提出了其他問題。)”可知，三次訪問回答了問題但也帶來了新的問題。故選D項。

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