【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Since 【1】 first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans 【2】 (find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found 【3】 (it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in 【4】 (environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, 【5】 (small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health 【6】 (effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are 【7】 (casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came 【8】 drinking bottled water, in 【9】 the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet 【10】 (compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】

【1】the

【2】have found

【3】its

【4】environmental

【5】smaller

【6】effects

【7】casually

【8】from

【9】which

【10】compared

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塑料對我們?nèi)梭w及環(huán)境的影響。人們在呼吸、飲食中都不知不覺地吸入了許多塑料的微小顆粒，但這些健康的后果目前還不清楚。

【1】考查冠詞。句意：自1907年第一個(gè)完全人工塑料被發(fā)明以來，人類已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種材料的無數(shù)用途。根據(jù)序數(shù)詞first可知此處要用冠詞the。故填the。

【2】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自1907年第一個(gè)完全人工塑料被發(fā)明以來，人類已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種材料的無數(shù)用途。根據(jù)此句Since可知主句要用完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)作還會持續(xù)，主語是humans。故填have found。

【3】考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：它已經(jīng)滲入我們的工具、我們的衣服甚至我們的身體里。根據(jù)主語是it，且way是名詞，可知此處要用形容詞性物主代詞作定語。故填its。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》雜志的一項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員估計(jì)，美國人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒，這些微粒的長度小于5毫米，平均呼吸量為5萬多塊。根據(jù)名詞詞組science and technology，可知此處要用形容詞作定語修飾名詞。故填environmental。

【5】考查形容詞的比較級。句意：在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》雜志的一項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員估計(jì)，美國人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒，這些微粒的長度小于5毫米，平均呼吸量為5萬多塊。根據(jù)than可知此處要用形容詞的比較級。故填smaller。

【6】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：盡管食用這些塑料碎片對健康的影響尚不清楚，但研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們隨意吞下的塑料碎片的實(shí)際數(shù)量令人擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)the health可知此處要用名詞作主語，再由are unclear可知此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填effects。

【7】考查副詞。句意：盡管食用這些塑料碎片對健康的影響尚不清楚，但研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們隨意吞下的塑料碎片的實(shí)際數(shù)量令人擔(dān)憂。此處要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞are swallowing。故填casually。

【8】考查介詞。句意：據(jù)英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，最大的誘因來自飲用瓶裝水，瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。短語came from來自，起源于，是固定短語。故填from。

【9】考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：據(jù)英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，最大的誘因來自飲用瓶裝水，瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。根據(jù)先行詞是drinking bottled water，指物，且由介詞in，可知用介詞+which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，因此此處要用which。故填which。

【10】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)英國《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，最大的誘因來自飲用瓶裝水，瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，此句謂語是added，因此此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且a diet與compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用過去分詞。故填compared。

第2小題由since可知考查了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+過去分詞。主要用法有：

1、表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，表示“已發(fā)生”或“未發(fā)生”，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；也同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的過去時(shí)間狀語（in 1995，last year等）連用。例句：

He has lost his wallet. 他的錢包丟了。

Why haven’t I seen you all these months? 我怎么這么多月沒看見你呢？

We’ve had too much rain this year. 今年雨水太多。

2、表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常同表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。例句：

He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在這里工作已有20多年了。

Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到現(xiàn)在為止，我們沒有從她那里收到任何消息。

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