14．In 1988，a company in Ohio invented an alcohol-based hand cleaner，which was meant to be used by health-care worker； when soap and water were unavailable．Joe Kanfer，the company's C．E．O．，told me recently，"there were a couple of other alcohol products out there，but they were really ugly．Either they were greasy （油膩的） or they burned your hands white．"Kanfer took a year and a half to develop this product which is visually appealing and does almost no harm to one's skin．Still．Kanfer lost money on it for mare than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for．
The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere．My doctor uses it several times during every office visit．You can aer it in almost every office in the U．s..and school picnics would be impossible without it．The former president Grorge W．Bush was called a racist for using hand cleaner after first shaking hands with Barack Obama，but Bush also gave some of it to Obama and recommended it as a cold preventative （預(yù)防藥）．What was once barely even a product is now a growing product category，worth hundreds of millions per year．
The rise of Purell makes some health professionals uneasy，Some claimed that promoting hand cleaner may worsen"our culture's irrational （非理性的） fear about bacteria．"Still，the clear agreement among experts is that unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infectious in hospitals．A 2007study estimated that，in America in 2002，such infections resulted in more than a million and a half patient illnesses and caused or contributed to nearly a hundred thousand patient deaths-about double the number of U．S．deaths currently caused each year by AIDS and guns combined．
However，I asked a food microbiologist whether clean hands might have a medical drawback．He said．"We might have a much healthier population if we adopted the kinds of condition that we see in many Third World countries，with poor-quality food and poor-quality water and lots of bacteria．If we did that，we would have adults who were very healthy and have very strong immune systems．Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate．"

28．Why did Joe Kanfer lose money on his product according to Paragraph 1？A
A．Because people didn't think it useful．
B．Because people thought it was ugly．
C．Because it was harmful to the skin．
D．Because it burned the hands white．
29．What does Paragraph 2mainly talk about？B
A．Purell brings in lots of money for Kanfer．
B．Purell has been widely used in the US．
C．Purell is a cold preventative．
D．Purell meets different needs．
30．What mainly caused patient deaths according to the figures in Paragraph 3？C
A．People's fear about bacteria．
B．Hand cleaner．
C．Bacteria on the dirty hands．
D．AIDS and guns．
31．What can we learn about the people in Third World countries？D
A．They adopt healthy living habits．
B．They have poor immune systems．
C．They eat food with fewer hacteria．
D．Their child death rate remains high．

分析 本文是一篇說明文．主要介紹了俄亥俄州一家公司發(fā)明的基于酒精的洗手液．洗手液本來是為了給環(huán)衛(wèi)工人使用的．Joe Kanfer花了一年半的時間來開發(fā)研制這個產(chǎn)品，但由于人們不知道這種產(chǎn)品有什么用而損失了很多的錢．該產(chǎn)品被稱為普瑞來，現(xiàn)如今很常見，使用很廣泛，其中包括前美國總統(tǒng)布什和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)．不潔凈的手構(gòu)成嚴重的健康風(fēng)險，也是傳染病的主要原因之一．第三地界的國家由于不衛(wèi)生的食物、飲用水和大量的細菌等導(dǎo)致兒童死亡率很高．

解答 28．A    細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段中"Still．Kanfer lost money on it for more than a decade because people couldn't get what it was for"可知，人們不知道這種產(chǎn)品有什么用．故選A．
29．B    細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段第一句"The product was called Purell．Today，you see it everywhere"及后面的舉例可知，本段主要是講這種產(chǎn)品的流行．故選B．
30．C    細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段中"unclean hands pose a serious health risk，and are one of the main reasons in the spread of infections in hospitals"可知，不潔凈的手構(gòu)成嚴重的健康風(fēng)險，也是傳染病的主要原因之一，故選C．
31．D    細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段中"Unfortunately，the price that we would pay would be extremely high child death rate"可知，第三地界的國家由于不衛(wèi)生的食物、飲用水和大量的細菌等導(dǎo)致兒童死亡率很高．故選D．

點評 解答細節(jié)理解題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據(jù)題干和選項中的關(guān)鍵詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點．

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