Question

【題目】 People often say that “failure is the mother of success”. 【1】 As a result, Manalo, a professor of educational psychology in Japan says, “We know we shouldn’t give up when we fail—but in reality, we do.”

Manalo and Manu, a professor of learning sciences in Swiss, put together a special issue (專利) last December on benefiting from failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for achieving success. 【2】 Another confirmed that advice on failures is most constructive when the receiver is prepared to experience unpleasant feelings.

Manalo and his co-authors also focused on overcoming one everyday form of failure: not completing a task. They asked 131 students to write an article about their school experiences. Half of the students received instructions for their writing, and half were left to their own. 【3】 Afterward the researchers found that those in the instructed group were more willing to complete their articles, compared with those who lacked guidance—even if the latter were closer to being done. 【4】

【5】 Stephanie Couch, the director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, holds the opinion. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, says that we should tell them to think of failure as part of a process toward success.

A.However, all were stopped before finishing.

B.The saying shows the importance of success.

C.Teaching students not to fear failure makes goals achieved more easily.

D.One study reported that the sooner students fail, the sooner they can move forward.

E.Though having some truth to it, the saying does not tell us how to turn a loss into a win.

F.They believed that learning how to fail can help people avoid becoming lasting failures.

G.Knowing how to finish, in other words, was more important than being close to finishing.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】E

【2】D

【3】A

【4】G

【5】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。人們常說“失敗是成功之母”。這句話雖然有一定道理，但并沒有告訴我們?nèi)绾位�輸為勝。文章主要介紹了日本教育心理學(xué)教授Manalo的一項(xiàng)研究表明學(xué)生越早失敗，他們就能越早前進(jìn)。告訴我們要教會(huì)學(xué)生不要害怕失敗，這會(huì)讓目標(biāo)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。

【1】根據(jù)上文People often say that “failure is the mother of success”.可知人們常說“失敗是成功之母”。以及第二段中The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for achieving success.可知本期的15項(xiàng)研究為教師和教育研究者提供了成功的指南。由此可知，本句承接上文對(duì)“失敗是成功之母”這句話進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，認(rèn)為雖然說得有道理，但是也指出這句話并沒有告訴我們?nèi)绾螌⑹�敗變成勝利，與后文一項(xiàng)研究提供了成功指南相呼應(yīng)。故E選項(xiàng)“這句話雖然有一些道理，但并沒有告訴我們?nèi)绾螌⑹�敗變成勝利”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選E。

【2】根據(jù)后文Another confirmed that advice on failures is most constructive when the receiver is prepared to experience unpleasant feelings.可知另一項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)，當(dāng)接受失敗的人準(zhǔn)備經(jīng)歷不愉快的感覺時(shí)，關(guān)于失敗的建議最有建設(shè)性。由此可知，本句是在說明一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，且后文Another與D選項(xiàng)中One相對(duì)應(yīng)，one…another…表示“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……”。故D選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)研究表明，學(xué)生越早失敗，他們就能越早進(jìn)步”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D。

【3】根據(jù)本段第一句Manalo and his co-authors also focused on overcoming one everyday form of failure: not completing a task.可知Manalo和他的合著者們還專注于克服一種常見的失�。簺]有完成任務(wù)。由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究需要在學(xué)生們完成寫作任務(wù)之前就停止。故A選項(xiàng)“然而，所有這些都在完成前停止了”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A。

【4】根據(jù)上文Afterward the researchers found that those in the instructed group were more willing to complete their articles, compared with those who lacked guidance—even if the latter were closer to being done.可知之后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與缺乏指導(dǎo)的小組相比，接受指導(dǎo)的小組更愿意完成他們的文章——即使后者更接近完成。由此可知，本句承接上文說明，這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果證明，知道如何完成比接近完成更重要。故G選項(xiàng)“換句話說，知道如何完成比接近完成更重要”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選G。

【5】根據(jù)后文Stephanie Couch, the director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, holds the opinion. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, says that we should tell them to think of failure as part of a process toward success.可知Lemelson-MIT項(xiàng)目主任Stephanie Couch持有這種觀點(diǎn)。Couch的作品也出現(xiàn)在本期特刊中。他說，我們應(yīng)該告訴他們，失敗是走向成功的過程中的一部分。由此可知，失敗是走向成功的過程中的一部分，因此要教會(huì)學(xué)生不要害怕失敗，反而會(huì)讓目標(biāo)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。故C選項(xiàng)“教學(xué)生不要害怕失敗會(huì)讓目標(biāo)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選C。