【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
There seems never【1】a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown．They probably came about just to give children something to do．
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with【2】．In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 【3】(prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．
【4】is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but 【5】they have remained the same．The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present 【6】is amazing．In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北極的)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared．Variations depended on local customs and way of life 【7】 toys imitate their surrounding．Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps 【8】 characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (進步)．The progress from a rattle (撥浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000BC to 【9】used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject 【10】the limitations of available materials.
【答案】
【1】to have been
【2】others
【3】are being prepared
【4】What
【5】how much
【6】that
【7】because
【8】that
【9】one
【10】to
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了玩具的發(fā)展過程及發(fā)展特點。
【1】
考查固定句型和時態(tài)。句意：似乎從來沒有過一個沒有玩具的文明，但是玩具是什么時候和怎樣發(fā)展起來的是不為人知的。本句是there be句型，句中又涉及句型seem to do sth.似乎是，仿佛，所以應用動詞不定式形式，再根據句意可以推斷出，應該是從過去到現(xiàn)在為止似乎從來沒有過一個沒有玩具的文明，所以時態(tài)應為現(xiàn)在完成時。故填to have been。
【2】
考查固定短語。句意：在古代世界，和今天一樣，大多數男孩玩一些種類的玩具，大多數女孩玩另一些。根據句中some kinds of toys中的some可以推斷出，男孩們玩一些種類的玩具，與之相對應的，女孩們玩另一些，some…others一些……另一些。故填others。
【3】
考查固定句型和時態(tài)。句意：甚至在游戲中，女孩們也在為步入成年人的世界和責任做準備。首先，本句涉及句型sb. be prepared to do sth.某人為做某事做準備，其次，根據句意，女孩們在玩游戲的同時，準備的動作正在發(fā)生，前調動作正在同時進行，應用現(xiàn)在進行時。故填are being prepared。
【4】
考查主語從句連接詞。句意：關于玩具的歷史顯著的不是幾個世紀以來它們改變了多少，而是有多少東西保持不變�？崭袼诰錇橹髡Z從句，從句中缺少主語，指代后文提到的抽象概念。故填What。
【5】
考查特殊疑問詞。句意：關于玩具的歷史顯著的不是幾個世紀以來它們改變了多少，而是有多少東西保持不變�？崭袼诰鋸娬{的是幾個世紀以來，玩具有多少東西保持不變，這里的“保持不變的東西”是抽象概念，為不可數名詞。故填how much。
【6】
考查強調句。句意：玩具在各個方面發(fā)展的普遍性以及它們能夠存續(xù)至今都是令人驚奇的。本句是強調句，句型為It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+其它部分，因為被強調部分是物，所以用that。故填that。
【7】
考查原因狀語從句。句意：玩具的變化取決于當地的風俗和生活方式，因為玩具會模仿它們的周邊環(huán)境。本句是原因狀語從句，模仿周邊環(huán)境是玩具發(fā)生變化的原因。故填because。
【8】
考查定語從句。句意：因為玩具一般被認為是一種藝術形式，所以它們不受技術進步的影響，這些技術進步是以提供成年人使用的發(fā)明為特征的。本句是定語從句，從句中缺少主語，指物。故填that。
【9】
考查代詞。句意：進步是從公元前3000年一個嬰兒玩的撥浪鼓到如今一個嬰兒玩的撥浪鼓�？崭裉幹复氖菗芾斯倪@類玩具中的任意一個，表示泛指一個。故填one。
【10】
考查固定短語。句意：每一個撥浪鼓都是時代藝術品味的產物，受可用材料限制性的影響。be subject to受……影響。故填to。
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