We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers，buying tickets from scalpers (票販子)，or purchasing line­cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come，first served，”have an egalitarian(平等主義的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it’s the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.Today，some people’s calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to“score”incomings calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non­market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue­jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors’offices，and national parks—are recent developments，scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
小題1:According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle“First come，first served”？
A．Taking buses.
B．Buying houses.
C．Flying with an airline.
D．Visiting amusement parks.
小題2:The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates________.
A．the necessity of patience in queuing
B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle
D．the fairness of telephonic services
小題3:The passage is meant to________.
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．a(chǎn)nalyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
本文是一篇議論文，題材是生活中購物、買票等時(shí)的插隊(duì)問題，作者通過舉例、道理分析來解讀道德和市場(chǎng)的平衡問題。要想得到快速的服務(wù)，就要額外付更多的費(fèi)用，并由此對(duì)在道德和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之間產(chǎn)生的矛盾進(jìn)行了探討。
小題1:解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為“First come，first served”，定位于第二、三段。第二段描述的是排隊(duì)的道德問題，又根據(jù)第三段第一句The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.及第四句Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.(賣房和等公交車是不同的活動(dòng)，受不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制約。)可知，等公交車是受“先到先得”這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制約的，而賣房不在此列。由上面的分析排除B項(xiàng)房屋買賣的問題；再根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，直接從航空公司和游樂園買票的特權(quán)可以避免排隊(duì)等候的問題，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。
小題2:解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為illustrates，定位于第四、五段。第四段第一句Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply.說明了適用規(guī)則的不確定性，第五段第一句But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.又說不要太把這個(gè)事例當(dāng)回事，也說明了這一點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)“排隊(duì)耐心等待的必要性”與這兩段的描述內(nèi)容不符，可排除；B項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代科技的優(yōu)勢(shì)”不是作者敘述的重點(diǎn)，只是一個(gè)舉例論證的方法；D項(xiàng)“電話服務(wù)業(yè)的公平性”也不對(duì)，應(yīng)該說是其時(shí)效性和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)性等。
小題3:解析：選B。主旨大意題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為is meant to，定位于全篇文章。第二段和第六段的第一句都表明了這篇文章的核心話題就是對(duì)分配性事務(wù)的道德問題的探討，找出文中的復(fù)現(xiàn)句，其反復(fù)討論的話題大多就是文章的主旨。A項(xiàng)“快速支付服務(wù)的證明”，這樣的總結(jié)過于片面；C項(xiàng)“分析排隊(duì)的理由”，是對(duì)第一段內(nèi)容的誤解；D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)插隊(duì)行為”也是過于狹隘，這三項(xiàng)均不能從整體上把握全篇的主旨。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Parents are creating an “I want it now” generation by indulging children's every demand at Christmas，say experts.Youngsters are becoming increasingly selfish，claim the education analysts.
Consumer­savvy children are forcing their families into racking up huge debts and risk becoming spoilt and dissatisfied in the future.
Behavioural consultant Chris Calland said，“Parents are desperate to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale for their kids.There's nothing wrong with that as such.The problem arises when it means always giving in to all our children's demands—even if they are beyond our price range or not age­appropriate.”
Ms.Calland，who runs “Santa Says No” style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson，added, “Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills.Yet so often the parcels we've carefully wrapped，once opened，are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in.”
Ms. Calland and Ms.Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offspring's Christmas lists this year.They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting “pester (糾纏) power”．
Ms.Calland said，“All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that we're only building up problems for the future.We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work.”
“Children learn fast—if we sometimes change our mind，they quickly realise it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it.Make sure you and your partner are working together on this.Be consistent.And try not to get caught up in competition with other families or friends.”
小題1:How is the “I want it now” generation created?
A．Parents can't afford the gifts for their children.
B．Parents become heavily in debt.
C．Parents are trying to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale.
D．Parents give children whatever they want at Christmas.
小題2:What is the main problem with the “I want it now” generation?
A．They are quite self­centered.
B．They like to live in fairy tales.
C．They waste a lot of money on gifts.
D．They can't keep their interest in gifts.
小題3:What is probably the aim of “Santa Says No” style sessions?
A．To advise on how to wrap gifts properly.
B．To keep children's interest in the gifts.
C．To tell parents how to say no to children's demands.
D．To advise parents on what gifts to buy for children.
小題4:According to the passage，we can infer that Ms.Calland intends to ________.
A．a(chǎn)nalyze children's behavior
B．give advice to parents
C．introduce a new generation
D．give her support to parents
小題5:Ms.Calland would agree that parents should ________.
A．buy nothing for children at Christmas
B．choose gifts carefully for children
C．let children choose their own gifts
D．a(chǎn)void competing with others

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

No doubt that you know about Charities. Here it is another chance for you to know more. Difficult times often bring out the best in people. And this was the case for basketball star Yao Ming, who hosted a television show in Shanghai that raised US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS. Fundraising, or charity, is an act of goodwill towards others. Charities in the West have more flexible ways. Look at a typical day for Ruth, a wealthy woman in the UK, for example. Ruth wakes up in the morning and collects her post. There’s a letter addressed to her with a picture of a half-dead, beaten horse. It’s from a charity asking Ruth to donate money to save the animals. The door bell rings and there, on Ruth’s doorstep, is an old woman asking for money to help the aged. She turns on the television, hears sad music and sees a picture of a wide-eyed child dying of hunger in Africa with an appeal for money to help the child. Ruth then goes shopping for a dress to wear to that evening’s large party for the rich and famous. The ticket cost her a small fortune, but she doesn’t mind because most of the money is going to a charity that fights AIDS. She feels good about going because she’s helping the sick. Within five minutes of walking down the street, Ruth has passed a charity shop. She doesn’t stop because she doesn’t think she’d find a suitable dress there—it’s full of old, secondhand clothes. But, many other people enter and but all sorts of bargains. Edna, a little old lady, looks after the shop. Any profit it has made goes to a cancer charity. Now that she has retired, she has plenty of spare time to offer her services for free.
For people like Yao Ming, Ruth and Edna, charity is a virtue that holds the same importance in life as faith and hope. “As you look back on your life, the moments that stand out are the moments when you have done things for others,” said Scottish author Henry Drummond.
小題1:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story as a way of fundraising    ?
A．Charity partyB．Charity post
C．Charity TV programD．Charity for beggars.
小題2:What does the word “raise” in the first paragraph mean    ?
A．Collect togetherB．Donate
C．IncreaseD．Bring to someone’s attention.
小題3:We can infer from the passage that    .
A．Yao Ming donated US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS
B．Edna may not be a rich lady but she is willing to do something for others
C．Ruth leads a busy life and she feels very tired
D．Ruth is angry because so many people ask her for money every day
小題4:What’s the writer’s attitude towards charity    ?
A．The writer thinks it’s something only people like Ruth can afford to do
B．The writer just wants to inform us of the different ways to practice charity
C．The writer thinks it’s a virtue and admires the people who practice it
D．The writer doesn’t make it clear in the story
小題5:The underlined part in the last paragraph probably means that    .
A．when you look back sometimes, you need stand out
B．when you want to do something for others, you need stand out
C．the moment you stand out, you can do something for others
D．what impresses people deeply is what they have done for others

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My oldest child, Emma, just returned to campus after a long holiday break to finish up her last period of college. These days, friends and family have begun flooding me with one question: What is she going to do after graduation?
The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that “recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time.” The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored(主修) in STEM— science, technology, engineering and mathematics — areas in which recent graduates “have tended to do relatively well”.
But Emma is a student of the humanities(人文) at a small college. She’s an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I’m not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I’ve thought about it, the more I’ve decided to be honest. “I’m not sure what Emma is going to do,” I now say. “But she’s gotten a great education and has really found her interest. — and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life.”
Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational(職業(yè)) school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society’s only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world.
From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma’s contribution to the world and how happy she is in it.
小題1:The author’s friends and family_________.
A．a(chǎn)re worried about Emma’s safety
B．have been worrying about the flood
C．a(chǎn)re concerned about Emma’s future
D．a(chǎn)re worried about the job market
小題2:What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．The number of the graduates is increasing.
B．STEM graduates can be better employees.
C．STEM graduates are in relatively greater demand.
D．More and more graduates like to do a part-time job.
小題3:Why did Emma choose a major in the humanities?
A．Because she is interested in it.
B．Because her mother told her to.
C．Because it is increasingly popular.
D．Because she wants further education.
小題4:According to the author, what matters most in choosing a major is that_________.
A．it should be among the STEM
B．it should be fashionable and interesting
C．it should allow a good job and a high salary
D．it should bring achievements and happiness

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

"The Chinese Dream" is a hot topic of this year. Many Chinese young people are inspired by the Chinese Dream. Everyone has their own dreams. They give us courage and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. Here are some advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams.
Never giving up is the key to make our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time, but we can learn from failure, correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. It sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows will appear after storms.
Cooperation is also necessary. Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. Besides, in our society most problems can't be solved by one person alone. Cooperation is becoming one of the most important ways for people living in the developing society.
At the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. Then we may be confident enough to face challenges.
Follow the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true.
小題1:How many suggestions of making dreams come true are mentioned in this passage?
A．One.B．Two.C．Three.D．Four.
小題2:The underlined word "It" in the second paragraph refers to
A．never giving up our dreamsB．our life
C．a(chǎn) long journeyD．learning from failure
小題3:Which is the best title for this passage?
A．The Chinese Dream
B．Cooperation is Necessary
C．Examine Our Abilities
D．Advice on How to Realize Our Beautiful Dreams.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One period of our lives when better results are demanded of us is, strangely enough, childhood． Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores at home and so on． It’s not easy．
The good news is that being likeable can help a child perform better． Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to cope（對(duì)付） more easily with stresses of growing up．
In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr． Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others． This leads to focus and resilience, the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress; a child who has adequate emotional armor can continue down the path to success． Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness．
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop（回饋圈）． The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation to deal with the daily stress of life．
This feedback loop continues into adulthood． To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality． Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well． Delucchi found that “Students who perceive（察覺） a teacher as likeable, in contrast to（比照） those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more．”
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice． The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words．
小題1:The writer implies in the first paragraph that __________．
A．children are expected much than we usually think
B．life is not easy for every one of us
C．better education results in smarter children
D．to be a likable child is almost impossible
小題2:According to Dr． Leonard, likeable children __________．
A．can cope more easily with stress independently
B．know how to avoid trouble and unpleasant events
C．a(chǎn)re always optimistic and ready to help those in need
D．can achieve more and understand themselves better
小題3:The term “emotional armor” in paragraph 3 means __________．
A．mental support from friendsB．mental support from adults
C．failures in lifeD．a(chǎn)bility to handle life stress
小題4:The main purpose of the studies done by Michael Delucchi is to find __________．
A．if a likeable teacher has a positive personality
B．if a likeable teacher draws more attention
C．how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity
D．how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed
小題5:The passage aims at proving that __________．
A．likeable people do better in life generally
B．likeable people do better in their childhood
C．social creatures enjoy more advantages
D．likeable people give better advice

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

America’s Beauty Is in Its Diversity
America is built on the idea of freedom, and there is no exception for Muslim women. I     the freedom of religion and speech. But mostly, I believe it’s OK to be      , and to stand up for who and what you are. So I believe in wearing the hijab.
The hijab is a religious head covering, like a scarf. I am Muslim, and keeping my head covered is a       of maturity（成熟）and respect toward my       and to Allah’s will.      , I also like to wear it to be different. I don’t usually like to do what everyone else is doing. I want to be a(n)      , not just part of the crowd. But when I first wore it, I was also afraid of the       that I’d get at school.
I      on my own that sixth grade was the       I should start wearing the hijab. I was      about what the kids would say or even do to me. I thought they might make fun of me, or       be scared of me and       my headscarf. Kids at that age usually like to be all the same, and there’s little or no       of differences.
On the first day of school, I put all those       thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high. I was holding my breath a little, but       I was also proud to be a Muslim, proud to be wearing the hijab, proud to be different.
I was       about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me. I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering. Most of the kids would come and ask me questions —    — about the hijab and why I wore it.
I did hear some kid was making fun of me,       there was one girl—she wasn’t even in my class, and we never really talked much–and she spoke       me, and I wasn’t even there! I made a lot of new friends that year, friends that I still have until this very day, five years later.
Yes, I’m different, but everyone is different here, in one way or another. This is the      of America.
小題1:
A．believe inB．stick toC．carry outD．push for
小題2:
A．independentB．freeC．sensitiveD．different
小題3:
A．signalB．signC．reminderD．cause
小題4:
A．religionB．countryC．parentsD．status
小題5:
A．In a wordB．In generalC．To be exactD．To be honest
小題6:
A．princessB．heroineC．individualD．a(chǎn)dult
小題7:
A．praiseB．punishmentC．reactionD．reflection
小題8:
A．hopedB．expectedC．realizedD．decided
小題9:
A．timeB．chanceC．case D．occasion
小題10:
A．disappointedB．scaredC．enthusiasticD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題11:
A．stillB．a(chǎn)lreadyC．even D．ever
小題12:
A．show offB．pull offC．pick upD．put up
小題13:
A．rejectionB．ignoranceC．a(chǎn)warenessD．a(chǎn)cceptance
小題14:
A．negativeB．optimisticC．seriousD．strange
小題15:
A．oftenB．insideC．only D．outside
小題16:
A．concernedB．particularC．wrongD．convinced
小題17:
A．respectfullyB．cautiouslyC．suspiciouslyD．critically
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．soC．butD．or
小題19:
A．in terms ofB．in front ofC．in charge ofD．in favor of
小題20:
A．significanceB．beautyC．valueD．power

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The word I'm going to introduce to you today is — phubbing. Let's see the definition of this term：

phubbing n. the act of snubbing(冷落)someone in a social setting by looking at your cell phone instead of paying attention
As you can probably guess，phubbing is a blend of phone and snubbing. The term was coined by a 23—year—old Melbourne resident Alex Haigh. Obviously，he got fed up with how people are always checking Facebook or Twitter on their phones when they are supposed to be interacting with someone face to face. He wanted to put an end to this social phenomenon，therefore he came up with this catchy term.
And it did catch on. The word's earliest media mention dates back to June 2012，and in a little over a year's time，phubbing has already been picked up by almost all the mainstream media outlets one can think of.
Here is a typical example from the British newspaper The Independent. In the article titled The Rise of Phubbing，which was published on August 5，2013，Tom Chatfield writes，there's an uncomfortable truth at the heart of phubbing：other people are easier to handle when seen on screen. They're less likely to demand unreasonable efforts such as undivided attention or clean shirts.
While the term phubbing has undoubtedly taken off，some people question why it is called phubbing instead of phnubbing. Alex Haigh has not personally addressed the issue，but word has it that phubbing sounds more crispy and thus easier to remember.
Phubbing is indeed a universal problem that can no longer be ignored. So why do people keep phubbing each other if they know it's rude? Is there anything we can do to stop it? Or maybe we should just be more kind，because sometimes there are good excuses to phub.
I think there is plenty we can do to try and stop phubbing. For starters，we can join Alex Haigh in his Stop Phubbing campaign. Remind our friends and family that phubbing is not appreciated. We can also make or download some anti—phubbing posters to spread the word in public places. And don't forget that some phubbers simply do not realize the harmful effect their behavior has on others，so be brave enough to stop them，even if you are a total stranger.
小題1:This passage is mainly talking about _______.
A．the rise of phubbing in all the mainstream media outlets
B．a(chǎn) new term “phubbing”and its problem
C．the campaign of keeping phubbing
D．different opinions on phubbing
小題2: The author’s attitude towards the act of phubbing can be described as ___________.
A．bearable
B．unacceptable
C．reasonable
D．understandable
小題3:What can we infer from this passage?
A．People are easier to handle when seen on screen.
B．Alex Haigh doesn’t like the term “phnubbing”
C．More and more people have become phubbers.
D．We can phub if we have proper excuses.
小題4:The write suggests we should _________.
A．stop phubbing in public places
B．not be afraid of the harmful effect
C．be brave to support a stranger phubbing
D．remind our friends of Stop Phubbing campaign

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

According to a study by SallieMae, 84 percent of undergraduate students have credit cards, and by the time they are seniors, they have accumulated US＄4,100 in debt, on top of whatever student loans they may have taken out.
Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment, and they are aggressively marketed to college students. Reportedly, a typical college student carries 4.6 credit cards and US＄3,173 in credit card debt.
Credit cards seem to be a fact of life, not just student life. In the long term, using a credit card properly and paying off the balance can help establish a card history and increase your credit score, which will come in handy when you need an important loan, for a house or car, for example. Your credit score can affect even unrelated things like insurance rates. Credit cards also offer more protection for users than debit cards （借記卡）.Under federal law, the credit card holder is only responsible for the first US＄50 in fraudulent(欺詐的)purchases in cases of theft or loss. However, debit card users are responsible for the first US＄500.
SallieMae found some good news in the fact that two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents, but 84 percent said they needed more information. Those who didn’t get any guidance were more likely to be surprised when they found out how much they owed.
While credit cards offer the easiest access to money, they make it easy to live outside your means. Less than a fifth of students surveyed paid off their balance every month, and carrying a balance brings finance charges, sometimes at a very high interest rates.
SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail, which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail. But when the credit card offers flow in, be sure that you read the fine print. Offers of low or no interest rates can disappear, leaving you a debt that climbs beyond your ability to pay it off.
小題1: What does the first paragraph imply?
A．Most of the senior students are shocked to see how much they owed.
B．Students can only take out loans from credit cards.
C．Most of students’ loans come from credit cards.
D．Credit cards have a bad effect on college students.
小題2: The underlined part “come in handy” in the third paragraph probably means “_______”.
A．bring troubleB．make mistakesC．be importantD．be useful
小題3: According to SallieMae, what is the possible reason why students get so many credit card offers in the mail?
A．Many students’ first credit card is based on direct mail.
B．It costs the banks little to mail out credit cards.
C．Students don’t like to go to the bank to open a credit card account.
D．Banks have no other way to let students use their credit cards.
小題4:What is the theme of the third paragraph?
A．The advantages of using debit cards.
B．The similarities between credit cards and debit cards.
C．The advantages of using credit cards.
D．Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment.

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