The sea horse is a magical animal, which has puzzled （使困惑） people for thousands of years. In ancient Rome sea horses were believed to be the babies of Neptune’s horses. And Neptune was the god of the ocean. Now we know they are not horses at all — they are a kind of fish. They still seem as magical as ever, especially to divers who have watched them horsing around(瞎闖) in the sea. But today, sea horse populations face an uncertain future. Fishermen are catching too many of them, and their undersea habitats （棲息地） are being destroyed.
At least 20 million sea horses are taken from the ocean each year. More than 95% are used for traditional medicines in Asian countries. The sea horses are usually dried and then made into powder which is used to treat such problems as asthma（哮喘）, throat infections, skin diseases and cuts. How well the medicines work is unclear.
Sea horses are also bought and sold in large numbers as pets. Sea horse expert Amanda Vincent warns against buying pet sea horses. “A lot of people treat them as if they’re goldfish,” she says. But sea horses require very special care and live food. Most captive (被獵取的) sea horses pick up diseases and die.
Sea horse experts are trying to teach fishermen to become sea horse farmers. Instead of pulling nets of sea horses from the ocean, fishermen could learn to raise them in specially designed saltwater “farms”. That way, fishermen would have sea horses to sell, but ocean populations would not be hurt.
Vincent and her team have only discovered the 35 different species of sea horses, and they still have plenty of sea horse secrets left to unlock. That is why, Vincent told TFK, protecting future sea horse populations is especially important: “I promise your readers that by the time they grow up to be marine biologists, we’ll still have a lot to learn.”
小題1:In the past, Romans thought the sea horse to be ______.
A．a(chǎn) kind of horseB．a(chǎn) kind of fish
C．the god of the ocean D．one of Neptune’s pets
小題2:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．People in Asian countries hunt sea horses for food.
B．Most sea horses caught are used as medicine.
C．The effects of the powder of sea horses are uncertain.
D．35 different kinds of sea horses have been discovered.
小題3:The underlined phrase “pick up” in Paragraph 3 probably means “______”.
A．followB．collectC．getD．create
小題4:It can be inferred that the best way to protect sea horses is to ______.
A．do more research on sea horses
B．teach fishermen how to farm sea horses
C．stop hunting sea horses
D．ban the sea horse trade

小題1:A
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B

試題分析：文章介紹海馬這種魚類，因?yàn)槿祟惖牟稓⒑蜕姝h(huán)境的破壞，數(shù)量正變得越來越少，專家認(rèn)為最好的保護(hù)海馬的方法是教漁民養(yǎng)海馬。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：In ancient Rome sea horses were believed to be the babies of Neptune’s horses.可知古羅馬人因?yàn)楹ｑR是一種馬。選A
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：More than 95% are used for traditional medicines in Asian countries. 可知亞洲人捕捉海馬主要是做藥不是做食物。選A
小題3:猜詞題：句意：大部分海馬得病死了。這里的pick up是“染上”，選C
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：Sea horse experts are trying to teach fishermen to become sea horse farmers. 可知最好的保護(hù)海馬的方法是教漁民養(yǎng)海馬。選B
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章分析了具體的原因。測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋�？忌紫纫屑�(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警覺). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝視) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同樣地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
小題1:The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s ______.
A．sense of hearing.
B．sense of sight.
C．sense of touch.
D．sense of smell.
小題2:Babies are sensitive to the change in ______.
A．the size of cards.
B．the colour of pictures.
C．the shape of patterns.
D．the number of objects.
小題3:Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B．To see how babies recognize sounds.
C．To carry their experiment further.
D．To keep the babies’ interest.
小題4:Where does this text probably come from?
A．Science fiction.
B．Children’s literature.
C．An advertisement.
D．A science report.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s a common belief that over time, pet owners start to look like their animals, and vice versa. Now conies the terrifying news that cats look up to their owners as role models and copy their behavior.
Next time you reach for your fridge, think twice. If Kitty is watching, she is likely to overeat as well.
What is your cat’s IQ?
In a new study from the University of Messina, it turns out that indoor cats who live closely to their owners “mirror” the lives of their caregivers. They sleep at the same time, eat at the same time,  and can even become more or less social depending on the behavior of their owners.
“Cats are intelligent animals with a long memory, ”Jane Brunt, the executive director of the CATalyst Council, told Discovery News. “They watch and learn from us, noting the patterns of our actions. as evidenced by knowing where their food is kept and what time to expect to be fed, how to open the cupboard door that’s been improperly closed, and where their feeding and toileting areas fife. ”Because cats copy our habits, if you spend a lot of time raiding(搜刮)the fridge, your cat will return to its food bowl for that midnight snack, too. According to the study, this explains why “human and cat overweight rates often seem to match. ”So. if you felt guilty about leaving your precious kitty at home while you go to work, now you call feel even worse：You fife making your cat fat!
There’s no word if drinking green tea and making sure you go to Yoga will benefit your cat, but based on the study. it sounds like sticking to a healthy eating and sleeping schedule is best for both of you.
There’s a lot we can learn from our cats in return. “When they sit on our laps softly purring with rhythmic breathing and half-closed eyes. the sense of peace and calm that comes over us is like a private 1esson in inner meditation. ”Brant said. Sure. But cats don’t have to sit in rush hour traffic for an hour a day or worry about their in-laws. They’re probably pretty good at remaining calm.
So, according to science。even though we assumed that cats were not close to us all these years, it turns out they fife in fact learning from us and looking up to us. Scary, huh?
小題1:According to the passage. which of the following is NOT true?
A．Cats can copy humans’ schedule.B．Humans can learn from cats in some way.
C．Cats are smart and have fl long memory D．Green tea and Yoga can benefit cats.
小題2:What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Humans’ keeping searching the fridge.
B．Cats’ going to their owners for food.
C．Cats’ copying humans’ habit of looking for food.
D．Humans’ leaving cats home while working.
小題3:What can we learn from our cats?
A．To remain calm.B．To be able to copy. C．To stay proud.D．To look up to friends.
小題4:The best title for the passage could be ________.
A．Your Cat Can Bring You PleasureB．You Are Copying Your Cat
C．You Can Make Your Cat SocialD．Your Cat Is Copying Your Habit

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.
In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected(察覺)the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.
Clothing color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Kamba and Maasai people?
A．Maasai people are a threat to elephants.
B．Kamba people raise elephants for farming.
C．Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.
D．Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.
小題2: How did the elephants react to smell in the study?
A．They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.
B．They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.
C．They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented(有…氣味的) clothing.
D．They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.
小題3: What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.
B．Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.
C．Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions.
D．Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants’ emotions very well.
小題4:What can be inferred about the elephants’ behavior from this passage?
A．Elephants learn from their experience.
B．Elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight.
C．Elephants are more intelligent than other animals.
D．Elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Even if we have an extremely healthy diet and lifestyle, the human body is programmed to wear out at a maximum of about 120 years, and usually less. We all have a biological clock inside us which determines the moment when our organs cease to function properly. This is because our cells have stopped renewing themselves and our body can no longer repair itself. This is also the moment when we are more likely to begin to suffer from the diseases of old age such as arthritis and Alzheimer’s. However, rapid advances in DNA research are beginning to throw light on the secrets of the ageing process. By the end of this century we could literally have the power of life over death.
Although it has long been accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan, it is also a fact that certain other organisms, such as reptiles and amphibians, appear to live indefinitely. The only reason we do not see 500-year-old alligators is because in the wild their lives are always in danger, from man, from pollution and from other animals. When they are kept in zoos they do not seem to age at all after they are fully grown. The same is true of some species of fish, which grow indefinitely and show no signs of ageing. The existence of animals with no fixed lifespan seems to indicate that an age gene really does exist. It is this gene which scientists are searching for, which may delay or repair damage to the body caused by ageing.
Another new area of research involves the oxidation（氧化） theory, which says that ageing is caused by the same process that makes iron rust. In controlled experiments, the lifespans of certain animals were shown to be lengthened with anti-oxidants; for example, the lifespan of mice can be increased by 30%. Antioxidants are already being used in face creams and other cosmetics, and they are likely to play an important part in keeping people physically young.
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Suddenly immortality（不死，不朽） seems within reach. We can begin to imagine a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die. But do we really want to live forever?
小題1: When all humans reach a certain age,         .
A．they suffer the effects of their diet and lifestyle
B．the organs stop to perform appropriately
C．their cells continue to renew themselves
D．they develop arthritis and Alzheimer’s
小題2: The purpose of showing the case of alligators is to prove         .
A．a(chǎn)lligators are in danger in the wild because of the threat from man, pollution and other animals
B．it is widely accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan
C．there exists an age gene which may control ageing
D．the age gene damages the body
小題3:The underlined phrase “live indefinitely” in Paragraph 2 probably mean         .
A．live for a period of time without a fixed end
B．live without a clear aim
C．live in an uncertain way
D．live without being fully grown
小題4:It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that         .
A．by 2050 we might have most of our worn-out organs replaced with new ones commercially
B．never can the ageing process be avoided
C．livers and kidneys are sure to be grown in laboratories by the year 2020
D．lizards and alligators grow new organs inside their body to replace worn-out ones
小題5: What is the main topic of this passage?
A．DNA researches show how our cells renew themselves.
B．Anti-oxidants are likely to play an important part in keeping people young.
C．How our biological clock works?
D．Eternal（永恒的） youth: new developments in anti-ageing research.
小題6:By saying “But do we really want to live forever”, the author may probably mean         .
A．a(chǎn) future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die is on its way
B．he is uncertain whether we can live forever
C．it remains to be seen whether immortality is a blessing or a curse
D．immortality is no longer a dream

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Looking for a new weight loss plan? Try living on top of a mountain. Mountain air contains less oxygen than air at lower altitudes, so breathing it causes the heart to beat faster and the body to burn more energy. A handful of studies have found that athletes training at high altitudes tend to lose weight. Doctor Florian Lippl of the University Hospital Of Ludwig-Maximilians-university Munich wondered how the mountain air would affect overweight individuals if they weren’t doing any more physical activity than usual.
Lippl and his colleagues invited 20 overweight men to an environmental research station about 300 meters below the summit of Zugspitze, a mountain around 2,970 meters near the Austrian border. They were allowed to eat as much as they liked. The men also gave blood so that researchers could test for hormones linked to appetite and fatness. At the end of the week, the men, whose mean weight starting out was 105kg, had lost on average about l.5kg. The men’s blood pressure also dropped, which the researchers believed was due to weight lost.
Exactly what caused the weight loss is uncertain. Loss of appetite is common at higher altitudes, and indeed the men ate significantly less than usual—about 700 calories fewer per day. Lippl also notes that because their consumption was being recorded, they may have been more self-conscious about what they ate. Regardless, eating less accounts for just l kg of the l.5 kg lost, says Lippl. He thinks the increased metabolic (新陳代謝的) rate, which was measured, also contributed to weight loss but cannot separate the different effects with the given data.
Appetite loss at high altitudes could certainly be key, notes Damian Bailey, a physiologist at the University of Glamorgan, UK, who recently lost 11 kg during a 3-month expedition to the Andes in Chile.   
Unfortunately, for the average person there is no treatment that can resemble living at high altitude, says Lippl. The only alternative is hypobaric chamber, which exposes subjects to low oxygen and isn’t practical as a treatment. He says, half- jokingly, “If fat people plan their holidays, they might not go to the sea, but maybe to the mountain.”
小題1:What contributes the most to one’s heart rates according to the first paragraph?
A．our bodyweightB．the consumption of energy
C．the rates of our breathingD．the amount of oxygen provided
小題2:Hormones are tested in the research because they can affect ______.
A．one’s bodyweightB．one’s blood pressure
C．one’s way of livingD．one’s metabolic rate
小題3:What was found about the 20 overweight men in the process of the research?
A．They controlled what to eat self-consciously.
B．They took in much fewer calories than usual.
C．They lost appetite because of lack of physical activity.
D．They were provided with a healthier diet than before.
小題4:Why does Damian Bailey agree with the idea of appetite loss at high altitudes?
A．He experimented with the new weight loss plan in the Andes.
B．He found no other reasons for his loss of weight in the Andes.
C．He researched the related subject in the Andes.
D．He lost much weight in the high altitude Andes.
小題5:In what manner does Lippl talk about the way of losing weight by spending holidays on mountains?
A．casualB．inaccurateC．uncertainD．confident

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research. In a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and 20 women to keep their hands in very hot water for as long as possible while breathing in different smells.
As people believe that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were asked not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment began. During the experiment, volunteers were asked to take in pleasant smells such as vanilla (香草), and unpleasant smells such as durians (榴蓮). The volunteers kept their hands in the water until it became too hot for them. When they could not bear the pain any more, they took their hands out of the water.
Scientists are interested in whether the senses or smell is related to pain and whether men and women have the same senses. Now, the study has proved that for women, pleasant smells reduce pain. For men, there is no change.
Dr Finkelstein has been studying smells since 1999. He says that scientists already have data from 40 volunteers. He adds that this year, scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to explain the results.
One explanation is that women’s sense of smell developed long ago, and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies. Scientists used to believe that mothers recognized their children by sight only. Now, they have started to believe that the sense of smell also helps, but why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.
小題1:Before the experiment, volunteers ______.
A．a(chǎn)re gathered and take a training
B．cannot eat or drink for several hours
C．must wash their hands carefully
D．will be interviewed by Dr Finkelstein
小題2:If both men and women are asked to keep their hands in hot water while taking in some pleasant smells, ______.
A．women may stand the pain of the hot water longer
B．men may keep their hands in the hot water longer
C．they will probably take their hands out at the same time
D．we are not quite sure who will take their hands out earlier
小題3:From the passage we learn that _________.
A．the reason why women are sensitive to smells is clear
B．the experiment for the sense of smell has come to an end
C．unpleasant smells affect men’s senses more than women’s
D．scientists have not totally explained the result of the study
小題4:Now scientists believe that _______.
A．mothers recognize their children only by sight
B．men’s sense of smell developed a long time ago
C．strong smells have a great influence on people’s senses
D．smells are helpful for mothers to spot their children
小題5:The writer wrote the passage in order to ________.
A．supply some entertainment to us
B．show women’s sharper senses than men’s
C．inform the readers of some knowledge
D．call for volunteers for the experiment

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scholarship Application Tips in 2013 for college students
·Before you apply
1. Work hard to get good grades. Don’t sweat about one bad grade, but always strive(力求)to do your best.
2. Get involved, and stay involved, in extracurricular(課外的)activities. Sports, clubs, drama, bands and orchestras－these often count toward a student’s overall scholarship application evaluation. The same goes for paid (or unpaid) work experience.
3. Begin your scholarship research early－by your sophomore(大學(xué)二年級(jí))or junior year of high school, if possible. Make special note of application deadlines, as they can vary from late summer to late spring.
4. Apply for as many scholarships as you are eligible(符合條件的)for－several smaller scholarships can add up to a lot of money.
·During the application process
1. Read the supplementary materials that come with scholarship application forms to better understand the program’s focus (community service, subject interest). Try to answer the questions with the focus area in mind.
2. Answer questions as they are asked. Don’t got off topic.
3. If there is a financial component to the application, make sure you get accurate and complete information from all appropriate sources to ensure your eligibility.
4. Take your time. Write down everything you can think of for each question, then set the application aside for a day so you can look everything over again before you send it off.
5. Don’t wait until the last minute to complete your application, especially if you are applying online. Computer systems can get clogged(阻塞的)with the large volume of applicants hoping to submit their qualifications during the last few days and hours before a deadline.
6. If a third party has to complete part of your application, such as providing a letter of recommendation, make sure you ask them early on and remind them as often as necessary to ensure they provide you with the necessary materials.
7. Last but not least, review your application with your parents to make sure you haven’t left out any important details.
Good luck to the students applying for the 2013 scholarship programs!
小題1:Before you apply for a scholarship, it’s best to       .
A．pay more attention to grades than to extracurricular activities
B．focus on only one scholarship application
C．get as much work experience as possible
D．begin your preparation as early as possible
小題2: When answering questions on the application form, you should       .
A．focus on the subject you are interested in
B．a(chǎn)nswer to the point
C．list your advantages
D．prove your abilities
小題3:The author suggests that applicants should      .
A．submit the application in the few days
B．double-check their application with their parents
C．complete and submit the application in one day
D．a(chǎn)void submitting the application online

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They declare that if more people rode bicycles to work, there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown part of the city and so less dirty air from car engines.
For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bicycle riders. For example. They want the city to draw special lanes for bicycles only on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.
But no bicycle lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea-they say it will slow the traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don’t like the idea-they say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business.
The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park-the largest place of open ground in New York-is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown.
小題1:In New York, a group of bike riders ________.
A．a(chǎn)re keeping practicing for health
B．have no cars of their own
C．a(chǎn)re complaining there are not enough buses
D．a(chǎn)re trying to settle the problem of air pollution
小題2:The advantage of the special lanes is that ________.
A．they will make cars and buses run slowly
B．they will make it easier for bike riders to go to parks
C．they will make the city more beautiful
D．the lanes will prevent accidents
小題3:The government has not decided whether special lanes should be drawn _______.
A．so that everyone is disappointed
B．because there are different opinions
C．because most people travel by train
D．because Bike for a Better City is not strong enough
小題4:Cars are not permitted to enter Central Park on weekends _________.
A．so that Bike for a Better City is pleased
B．so that everyone is happy
C．a(chǎn)nd bicycle lanes are drawn
D．but Bike for a Better City is still not satisfied

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