Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?

Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit 【1】 when we finally give up smoking.

Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the 【2】 of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and 【3】 of breath.

Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the 【4】 sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to 【5】 of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.

Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous 【6】 in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and 【7】 bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.

But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost 【8】 and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates 【9】. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.

There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually 【10】. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】G

【2】C

【3】I

【4】A

【5】E

【6】B

【7】K

【8】F

【9】J

【10】H

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了吸煙是如何影響我們的健康的。

【1】考查副詞。句意：讓我們看看當它們的成分進入我們身體時會發(fā)生什么，以及當我們最終戒煙時，我們是如何從身體上受益的。修飾動詞benefit用副詞，根據(jù)“when we finally give up smoking.”可知此處表示“在身體上”，故填G。

【2】考查名詞。句意：在呼吸道和肺部，煙霧增加了感染和長期疾病的可能性。做動詞increases的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.”可知此處表示“可能性”，故填C。

【3】考查名詞。句意：這就是吸煙導致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之一。做動詞短語lead to的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“oxygen loss”可知此處表示“呼吸急促”，shortness of breath表示“呼吸急促”，故填I。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：在大約10秒鐘內，血液中攜帶一種叫做尼古丁的興奮劑進入大腦，產生令人愉悅的感覺，使吸煙非常上癮。修飾名詞sensations用形容詞，根據(jù)“which make smoking highly addictive”可知此處表示“令人愉悅的”，故填A。

【5】考查名詞。句意：這些對血管的影響會導致血管壁增厚，增加心臟病發(fā)作和中風的可能性。做動詞短語lead to的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.”可知此處表示“增厚”，故填E。

【6】考查名詞。句意：香煙中的許多化學物質會激活人體DNA的危險變化，從而導致癌癥的形成。做動詞activate的賓語用名詞，根據(jù)“in the body’s DNA that make cancers form”可知此處表示“變化”，故填B。

【7】考查非謂語動詞。句意：吸煙會導致多種組織和器官的癌癥，以及視力受損和骨骼衰弱。分析句子結構并結合句意可知此處需要用非謂語動詞做定語修飾名詞bones，根據(jù)“damaged eyesight”可知此處表示“削弱的”，bones與weaken之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，表示被動，用過去分詞做定語，故填K。

【8】考查形容詞。句意：但對于那些戒煙的人來說，這是一個巨大的、積極的方面，幾乎可以立竿見影地長期受益。修飾名詞physical benefits用形容詞，根據(jù)空后說的戒煙一天后血壓和心率開始恢復正常可知此處表示“立即的”，故填F。

【9】考查動詞。句意：戒煙一天后，隨著血壓和心率恢復正常，心臟病發(fā)作的風險開始降低。此處缺少動詞做謂語，根據(jù)“heart attack risk begins to decrease”可知此處表示“恢復正常”，故填J。

【10】考查形容詞。句意：但幸運的是，這種影響通常是暫時的。此處缺少形容詞做表語，空前說戒煙會導致焦慮和抑郁，再根據(jù)“But fortunately”可知此處表示“暫時的”，故填H。