Question

17．Play is the basic business of childhood，and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．From earliest infancy （嬰兒），every child needs opportunity and right materials for play，and the main tools of play are toys．The main function of toys is to suggest，encourage and play．To succeed in this，they must be good toys，which children will play with often，and will come back again and again．Therefore，it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development．
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life．So a baby's ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated．A baby who is encouraged，talked to and shown things and played with，has the best chance of growing up successfully．
In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds．Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child，for trying out，experimenting and learning，for discovering his own particular ability：Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys； painting，scribbling and making things； sand and water play； toys for imaginative and pretending play-the first social games for learning to play and get on with others．
But at the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years old-the child is at school．But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning，at home or at school．It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys．
Until the age of seven or eight，play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered，then books become the main source of learning．Toys are still interesting and valuable，which lead up to new hobbies，but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years old，toys and games mean，as to adults，relaxation and fun．
49．According to the first passage we know that as a child grows upD．
A．he should be allowed to choose his own toys．
B．he should be given the same toys．
C．he should be given fewer and fewer toys．
D．he should be given different toys．
50．According to the passage，the abilities a child has inherited from his parentsC．
A．determine his character
B．will not change after the age of three．
C．partly determined the standard he is likely to reach
D．to a large extent determine the choice of toys
51．We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityB．
A．when he is two                    
B．when he is around four
C．when he is six                     
D．when he is eight
52．The passage is mainly aboutA．
A．the role of play in a child's development
B．the importance of schooling
C．the importance of pre-school education
D．the choice of toys for youngster．

Answer 1

分析 玩耍是童年的基本業(yè)務(wù)，近年來(lái)的研究表明，玩在一個(gè)人類的發(fā)展起著極為重要的．從最早的初級(jí)階段（嬰兒），每個(gè)孩子都需要機(jī)會(huì)去玩，正確的材料，以及主要工具是玩具．玩具的主要功能是建議，鼓勵(lì)和玩耍．要想成功，就必須有好的玩具，孩子們常常會(huì)玩，會(huì)回來(lái)一次又一次玩的玩具．因此，在一個(gè)孩子的發(fā)展的不同階段，合適的玩具很重要．
    對(duì)嬰兒發(fā)展的近幾年的研究表明，一個(gè)孩子在他繼承的能力范圍內(nèi)有可能達(dá)到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，很大程度上是由他生命中的第一個(gè)三年確定的．所以一個(gè)嬰兒的能力得益于合理的不可低估的玩耍的玩具．被鼓勵(lì)，與之說(shuō)話和展示東西并與之玩的孩子，更有機(jī)會(huì)成功地成長(zhǎng)．
    在下一階段，從三歲到五歲，好奇心永無(wú)止境．每一種合適的玩具應(yīng)該提供給孩子，讓他嘗試，體驗(yàn)和學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己特別的能力：積木、拼圖，建筑玩具，繪畫(huà)、涂鴉和手工制作、玩沙和水；具有想象力和假象的玩具都是孩子的第一社交游戲去學(xué)習(xí)和別人玩耍和交往．
    但是在兒童玩耍發(fā)展的第三個(gè)階段即五到七歲或八歲，孩子是在學(xué)校，但在之后的幾年的時(shí)間里，無(wú)論是在家里還是在學(xué)校里，玩耍仍然是最好的學(xué)習(xí)方式．
    直到孩子七歲或八歲的時(shí)候，玩耍和工作對(duì)孩子同樣的重要．但是一旦掌握了閱讀，然后書(shū)籍成為學(xué)習(xí)的主要來(lái)源．玩具仍然是有趣的和有價(jià)值的，這導(dǎo)致了新的愛(ài)好，但它們的意義已經(jīng)改變到九或十歲的孩子，甚至成為成年人放松和娛樂(lè)的方式．

解答 49題答案是D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Therefore，it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development可知在孩子發(fā)展的不同階段選擇合適的玩具是重要的，也就是說(shuō)不同的階段選擇不同的玩具，故答案是D．
50題答案是C．．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life可知答案是C．
51題答案是B．．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds可知3-4-5歲之間的孩子有無(wú)窮的好奇心．故答案是B．
52題答案是A．考查文章大意．這片短文通過(guò)介紹在孩子成長(zhǎng)的不同時(shí)期需要的玩具，來(lái)說(shuō)明玩具在孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的作用．孩子成長(zhǎng)中"玩"扮演的角色．故選A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 短文記敘了玩耍在孩子成長(zhǎng)中的作用．題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)需要結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案；考查文章大意的題需要對(duì)文章大意有清晰的理解才能得出正確答案，切記胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．