【題目】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
NASA is on a journey to Mars, with a goal of sending humans to the Red Planet in the 2030s. That journey is already well under way.
For decades, the agency and its partners have sent orbiters, landers and rovers(探測器), 【1】 increasing our knowledge about the Red Planet and paving the way for future human explorers. The Curiosity rover has gathered radiation data to help us protect future astronauts, and the upcoming Mars 2020 rover will study the 【2】 of Martian resources, including oxygen.
Building on the robotic legacy(遺產(chǎn)), the human exploration of Mars crosses three thresholds(門檻), each with 【3】 challenges as humans move farther from Earth: Earth Reliant, the Proving Ground, and Earth Independent.
Earth Reliant explorations is 【4】 on research aboard the International Space Station. The orbiting microgravity laboratory serves as a world - class test bed for the technologies and communications systems needed for human missions to deep space. Astronauts are learning about what it takes to live and work in space for long periods of time, improving our understanding of how the body changes in space and how to protect astronauts' health.
Next, we move into the Proving Ground, 【5】 a series of missions near the moon called “cislunar space” to test the capabilities we will need to live and work at Mars. Astronauts on the space station are only hours away from Earth, but the proving ground is days away, a(n) 【6】 stepping stone to a Mars mission, which will be months away from home.
Also in the 2020s, we’ll send astronauts on a year-long mission into this deep space proving ground, confirming habitation and testing our 【7】 for Mars.
Finally, we become Earth Independent, building on the knowledge 【8】 on the space station and in deep space to send humans to low-Mars orbit in the early 2030s.
This phase will also test the entry, descent(降落)and landing techniques needed to get to the Martin surface and study what's needed for in-situ resource utilization or "living off the land". NASA is already studying the 【9】 "Exploration Zones" on Mars that would offer compelling science research and provide resources our astronauts can use.
There are challenges to 【10】 Mars, but we know they are solvable. We are well on our way to getting there, landing there, and living there.
【答案】
【1】D
【2】B
【3】F
【4】E
【5】C
【6】J
【7】K
【8】A
【9】H
【10】I
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。美國國家航空航天局(NASA)正在進行火星之旅,目標(biāo)是在本世紀(jì)30年代將人類送上火星。這一旅程已經(jīng)開始了。文章主要介紹了人類對火星的探索需要跨越的一些挑戰(zhàn):依賴地球、試驗場和獨立于地球。
【1】
考查副詞。句意:幾十年來,該機構(gòu)及其合作伙伴發(fā)射了軌道飛行器、著陸器和探測車,極大地增加了我們對這顆紅色星球的了解,并為未來人類探索鋪平了道路。該空修飾動詞increase,應(yīng)用副詞。表示“顯著地,急劇地,極大地”,應(yīng)用dramatically。故選D。
【2】
考查名詞。句意:好奇號漫游者已經(jīng)收集了輻射數(shù)據(jù),以幫助我們保護未來的宇航員,而即將到來的火星2020漫游者將研究火星資源的可用性。該空作study的賓語,且空前有定冠詞the,應(yīng)用名詞。表示“可用性”,應(yīng)用availability。故選B。
【3】
考查形容詞。句意:在機器人的基礎(chǔ)上,人類對火星的探索跨越了三個門檻,隨著人類離地球越來越遠(yuǎn),每個門檻都面臨著逐漸增長的挑戰(zhàn):依賴地球、試驗場和獨立于地球。空處修飾名詞challenges,應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“增加的,增長的”,應(yīng)用形容詞growing,故選F。
【4】
考查固定短語。句意:“地球依賴探索”專注于國際空間站上的研究。表示“專注于……;以……為中心”,應(yīng)用be focused on。故選E。
【5】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:接下來,我們進入試驗場,在月球附近實施一系列名為“地月空間”的任務(wù),以測試我們在火星生活和工作所需的能力。表示“進行,實施……任務(wù)“,應(yīng)用動詞conduct,“___5___ a series of missions near the moon called “cislunar space””作伴隨狀語,主語we和conduct之間是主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故選C。
【6】
考查形容詞。句意:空間站上的宇航員離地球只有幾小時的路程,但試驗場要幾天的時間,這可能是前往火星任務(wù)的墊腳石。該空修飾名詞stepping stone,應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“可能的”,應(yīng)用potential。故選J。
【7】
考查名詞。句意:同樣在21世紀(jì)20年代,我們將派遣宇航員到這個深空試驗場執(zhí)行為期一年的任務(wù),確認(rèn)居住地點并測試我們對火星所做的準(zhǔn)備工作。our___7___作test的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞。表示“準(zhǔn)備”,應(yīng)用readiness。故選K。
【8】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:最后,我們成為獨立的地球人,以在空間站和深空獲得的知識為基礎(chǔ),在本世紀(jì)30年代早期把人類送到火星低軌道。表示“獲得”,應(yīng)用動詞acquire。___8___ on the space station and in deep space作定語,修飾the knowledge。the knowledge和acquire之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故選A。
【9】
考查形容詞。句意:美國宇航局已經(jīng)在研究火星上的自然“探索區(qū)”,這將提供引人注目的科學(xué)研究和我們的宇航員可以使用的資源?仗幮揎椕~Exploration Zones,應(yīng)用形容詞。表示“自然的”,應(yīng)用natural。故選H。
【10】
考查動名詞。句意:開拓火星有挑戰(zhàn),但我們知道它們是可以解決的。表示“開拓”,應(yīng)用動詞pioneer。表示“針對……的挑戰(zhàn)”,用the/a challenge to sth.。to是介詞,后面接名詞或動名詞作賓語。故選I。
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